diff --git a/test/structs/test_Data1D.py b/test/structs/test_Data1D.py
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/test/structs/test_Data1D.py
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+"""
+test/structs/test_Data1D
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+"""
+
+
+import unittest
+import numpy as np
+import pandas as pd
+from massdash.structs.Data1D import Data1D
+
+class DummyData1D(Data1D):
+    def toPandasDf(self) -> pd.DataFrame:
+        # Your implementation here (can be a dummy implementation for testing)
+        return pd.DataFrame({'Data': self.data, 'Intensity': self.intensity})
+
+class TestData1D(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_empty(self):
+        # Test case 1: both data and intensity are empty
+        data = np.array([])
+        intensity = np.array([])
+        obj = DummyData1D(data, intensity)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.empty())
+
+        # Test case 2: data is not empty, intensity is empty
+        data = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+        intensity = np.array([])
+        obj = DummyData1D(data, intensity)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.empty())
+
+        # Test case 3: data is empty, intensity is not empty
+        data = np.array([])
+        intensity = np.array([0.5, 0.8, 0.9])
+        obj = DummyData1D(data, intensity)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.empty())
+
+        # Test case 4: both data and intensity are not empty
+        data = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+        intensity = np.array([0.5, 0.8, 0.9])
+        obj = DummyData1D(data, intensity)
+        self.assertFalse(obj.empty())
+
+    def test_max_without_boundary(self):
+        # Test case 1: Maximum intensity without boundary
+        data = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+        intensity = np.array([0.5, 0.8, 0.9])
+        obj = DummyData1D(data, intensity)
+        result = obj.max()
+        self.assertEqual(result, (3, 0.9))
+
+        # Test case 2: Maximum intensity without boundary (multiple maximum values)
+        data = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
+        intensity = np.array([0.5, 0.8, 0.9, 0.9])
+        obj = DummyData1D(data, intensity)
+        result = obj.max()
+        self.assertEqual(result, (3, 0.9))
+
+    def test_max_with_boundary(self):
+        # Test case 1: Maximum intensity within boundary
+        data = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
+        intensity = np.array([0.5, 0.8, 0.9, 0.7, 0.6])
+        obj = DummyData1D(data, intensity)
+        result = obj.max((2, 4))
+        self.assertEqual(result, (3, 0.9))
+
+        # Test case 2: Maximum intensity within boundary (multiple maximum values)
+        data = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
+        intensity = np.array([0.5, 0.8, 0.9, 0.9, 0.6])
+        obj = DummyData1D(data, intensity)
+        result = obj.max((2, 4))
+        self.assertEqual(result, (3, 0.9))
+        
+    def test_filter(self):
+        # Test case 1: Filter within boundary
+        data = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
+        intensity = np.array([0.5, 0.8, 0.9, 0.7, 0.6])
+        obj = DummyData1D(data, intensity)
+        filtered_obj = obj.filter((2, 4))
+        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(filtered_obj.data, np.array([2, 3, 4])))
+        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(filtered_obj.intensity, np.array([0.8, 0.9, 0.7])))
+
+        # Test case 2: Filter with non-tuple boundary
+        data = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
+        intensity = np.array([0.5, 0.8, 0.9, 0.7, 0.6])
+        obj = DummyData1D(data, intensity)
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            obj.filter(2)
+
+    def test_sum_without_boundary(self):
+        # Test case 1: Sum of all intensities without boundary
+        data = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+        intensity = np.array([0.5, 0.8, 0.9])
+        obj = DummyData1D(data, intensity)
+        result = obj.sum()
+        self.assertEqual(result, 2.2)
+
+        # Test case 2: Sum of all intensities without boundary (empty data)
+        data = np.array([])
+        intensity = np.array([])
+        obj = DummyData1D(data, intensity)
+        result = obj.sum()
+        self.assertEqual(result, 0.0)
+
+    def test_sum_with_boundary(self):
+        # Test case 1: Sum of intensities within boundary
+        data = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
+        intensity = np.array([0.5, 0.8, 0.9, 0.7, 0.6])
+        obj = DummyData1D(data, intensity)
+        result = obj.sum((2, 4))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(result, 2.4)
+
+        # Test case 2: Sum of intensities within boundary (empty data)
+        data = np.array([])
+        intensity = np.array([])
+        obj = DummyData1D(data, intensity)
+        result = obj.sum((2, 4))
+        self.assertEqual(result, 0.0)
+        
+    def test_median_without_boundary(self):
+        # Test case 1: Median intensity without boundary
+        data = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+        intensity = np.array([0.5, 0.8, 0.9])
+        obj = DummyData1D(data, intensity)
+        result = obj.median()
+        self.assertEqual(result, 0.8)
+
+    def test_median_with_boundary(self):
+        # Test case 1: Median intensity within boundary
+        data = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
+        intensity = np.array([0.5, 0.8, 0.9, 0.7, 0.6])
+        obj = DummyData1D(data, intensity)
+        result = obj.median((2, 4))
+        self.assertEqual(result, 0.8)
+
+    def test_adjust_length(self):
+        # Test case 1: length is equal to current length
+        data = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+        intensity = np.array([0.5, 0.8, 0.9])
+        obj = DummyData1D(data, intensity)
+        new_data, new_intensity = obj.adjust_length(3)
+        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(new_data, data))
+        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(new_intensity, intensity))
+
+        # Test case 2: length is smaller than current length
+        data = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
+        intensity = np.array([0.5, 0.8, 0.9, 0.7, 0.6])
+        obj = DummyData1D(data, intensity)
+        new_data, new_intensity = obj.adjust_length(3)
+        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(new_data, np.array([2, 3, 4])))
+        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(new_intensity, np.array([0.8, 0.9, 0.7])))
+
+        # Test case 3: length is larger than current length (even length difference)
+        data = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+        intensity = np.array([0.5, 0.8, 0.9])
+        obj = DummyData1D(data, intensity)
+        new_data, new_intensity = obj.adjust_length(7)
+        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(new_data, np.array([-1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5])))
+        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(new_intensity, np.array([0, 0, 0.5, 0.8, 0.9, 0, 0])))
+
+        # Test case 4: length is larger than current length (odd length difference)
+        data = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+        intensity = np.array([0.5, 0.8, 0.9])
+        obj = DummyData1D(data, intensity)
+        new_data, new_intensity = obj.adjust_length(6)
+        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(new_data, np.array([-1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4])))
+        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(new_intensity, np.array([0, 0, 0.5, 0.8, 0.9, 0])))
+
+        # Test case 5: length is larger than current length (unequal paddings)
+        data = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+        intensity = np.array([0.5, 0.8, 0.9])
+        obj = DummyData1D(data, intensity)
+        new_data, new_intensity = obj.adjust_length(5)
+        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(new_data, np.array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])))
+        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(new_intensity, np.array([0, 0.5, 0.8, 0.9, 0])))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
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