diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/Tensor_new_empty.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/Tensor_new_empty.cpp
index 6f0f0cb68d2..215b17e2c13 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/Tensor_new_empty.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/Tensor_new_empty.cpp
@@ -41,18 +41,25 @@ pnnx.Output             output              1 0 out
 
     void write(Operator* op, const std::map<std::string, Parameter>& captured_params) const
     {
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 0) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.uint8";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 1) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int8";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 2) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.short";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 3) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 4) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.long";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 5) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.half";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 6) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.float";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 7) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.double";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 8) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex32";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 9) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex64";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 10) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex128";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 11) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.bool";
+        if (captured_params.at("dtype").type == 0)
+        {
+            op->params["dtype"] = Parameter();
+        }
+        else // if (captured_params.at("dtype").type == 2)
+        {
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 0) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.uint8";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 1) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int8";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 2) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.short";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 3) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 4) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.long";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 5) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.half";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 6) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.float";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 7) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.double";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 8) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex32";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 9) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex64";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 10) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex128";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 11) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.bool";
+        }
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/Tensor_new_ones.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/Tensor_new_ones.cpp
index 03df3028b8b..3fe4c3390be 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/Tensor_new_ones.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/Tensor_new_ones.cpp
@@ -41,18 +41,25 @@ pnnx.Output             output              1 0 out
 
     void write(Operator* op, const std::map<std::string, Parameter>& captured_params) const
     {
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 0) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.uint8";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 1) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int8";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 2) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.short";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 3) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 4) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.long";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 5) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.half";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 6) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.float";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 7) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.double";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 8) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex32";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 9) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex64";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 10) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex128";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 11) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.bool";
+        if (captured_params.at("dtype").type == 0)
+        {
+            op->params["dtype"] = Parameter();
+        }
+        else // if (captured_params.at("dtype").type == 2)
+        {
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 0) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.uint8";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 1) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int8";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 2) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.short";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 3) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 4) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.long";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 5) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.half";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 6) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.float";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 7) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.double";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 8) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex32";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 9) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex64";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 10) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex128";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 11) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.bool";
+        }
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/Tensor_new_zeros.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/Tensor_new_zeros.cpp
index c3aa069dc63..93963f2a266 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/Tensor_new_zeros.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/Tensor_new_zeros.cpp
@@ -41,18 +41,25 @@ pnnx.Output             output              1 0 out
 
     void write(Operator* op, const std::map<std::string, Parameter>& captured_params) const
     {
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 0) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.uint8";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 1) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int8";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 2) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.short";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 3) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 4) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.long";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 5) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.half";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 6) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.float";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 7) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.double";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 8) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex32";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 9) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex64";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 10) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex128";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 11) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.bool";
+        if (captured_params.at("dtype").type == 0)
+        {
+            op->params["dtype"] = Parameter();
+        }
+        else // if (captured_params.at("dtype").type == 2)
+        {
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 0) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.uint8";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 1) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int8";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 2) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.short";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 3) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 4) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.long";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 5) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.half";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 6) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.float";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 7) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.double";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 8) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex32";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 9) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex64";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 10) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex128";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 11) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.bool";
+        }
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/Tensor_to.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/Tensor_to.cpp
index 8ab1f124960..6d7cd9e7dc6 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/Tensor_to.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/Tensor_to.cpp
@@ -40,18 +40,25 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
 
     void write(Operator* op, const std::map<std::string, Parameter>& captured_params) const
     {
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 0) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.uint8";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 1) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int8";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 2) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.short";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 3) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 4) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.long";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 5) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.half";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 6) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.float";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 7) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.double";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 8) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex32";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 9) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex64";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 10) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex128";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 11) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.bool";
+        if (captured_params.at("dtype").type == 0)
+        {
+            op->params["dtype"] = Parameter();
+        }
+        else // if (captured_params.at("dtype").type == 2)
+        {
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 0) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.uint8";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 1) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int8";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 2) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.short";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 3) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 4) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.long";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 5) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.half";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 6) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.float";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 7) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.double";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 8) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex32";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 9) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex64";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 10) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex128";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 11) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.bool";
+        }
 
         op->params["copy"] = captured_params.at("copy");
 
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_empty.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_empty.cpp
index 92244e2e456..3c6a074cbd0 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_empty.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_empty.cpp
@@ -41,18 +41,25 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
 
     void write(Operator* op, const std::map<std::string, Parameter>& captured_params) const
     {
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 0) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.uint8";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 1) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int8";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 2) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.short";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 3) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 4) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.long";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 5) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.half";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 6) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.float";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 7) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.double";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 8) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex32";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 9) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex64";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 10) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex128";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 11) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.bool";
+        if (captured_params.at("dtype").type == 0)
+        {
+            op->params["dtype"] = Parameter();
+        }
+        else // if (captured_params.at("dtype").type == 2)
+        {
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 0) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.uint8";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 1) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int8";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 2) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.short";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 3) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 4) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.long";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 5) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.half";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 6) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.float";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 7) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.double";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 8) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex32";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 9) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex64";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 10) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex128";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 11) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.bool";
+        }
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_empty_like.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_empty_like.cpp
index 13c145c969e..baa2f74c0cf 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_empty_like.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_empty_like.cpp
@@ -41,18 +41,25 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
 
     void write(Operator* op, const std::map<std::string, Parameter>& captured_params) const
     {
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 0) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.uint8";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 1) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int8";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 2) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.short";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 3) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 4) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.long";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 5) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.half";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 6) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.float";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 7) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.double";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 8) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex32";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 9) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex64";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 10) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex128";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 11) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.bool";
+        if (captured_params.at("dtype").type == 0)
+        {
+            op->params["dtype"] = Parameter();
+        }
+        else // if (captured_params.at("dtype").type == 2)
+        {
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 0) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.uint8";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 1) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int8";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 2) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.short";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 3) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 4) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.long";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 5) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.half";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 6) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.float";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 7) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.double";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 8) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex32";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 9) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex64";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 10) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex128";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 11) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.bool";
+        }
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_full.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_full.cpp
index 293fad2e9b6..718a0796a53 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_full.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_full.cpp
@@ -41,18 +41,25 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
 
     void write(Operator* op, const std::map<std::string, Parameter>& captured_params) const
     {
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 0) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.uint8";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 1) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int8";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 2) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.short";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 3) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 4) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.long";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 5) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.half";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 6) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.float";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 7) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.double";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 8) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex32";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 9) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex64";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 10) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex128";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 11) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.bool";
+        if (captured_params.at("dtype").type == 0)
+        {
+            op->params["dtype"] = Parameter();
+        }
+        else // if (captured_params.at("dtype").type == 2)
+        {
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 0) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.uint8";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 1) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int8";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 2) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.short";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 3) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 4) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.long";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 5) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.half";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 6) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.float";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 7) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.double";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 8) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex32";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 9) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex64";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 10) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex128";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 11) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.bool";
+        }
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_full_like.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_full_like.cpp
index 67f2a6f58b6..4d58df9c7c7 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_full_like.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_full_like.cpp
@@ -42,18 +42,25 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
 
     void write(Operator* op, const std::map<std::string, Parameter>& captured_params) const
     {
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 0) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.uint8";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 1) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int8";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 2) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.short";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 3) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 4) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.long";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 5) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.half";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 6) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.float";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 7) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.double";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 8) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex32";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 9) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex64";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 10) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex128";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 11) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.bool";
+        if (captured_params.at("dtype").type == 0)
+        {
+            op->params["dtype"] = Parameter();
+        }
+        else // if (captured_params.at("dtype").type == 2)
+        {
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 0) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.uint8";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 1) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int8";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 2) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.short";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 3) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 4) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.long";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 5) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.half";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 6) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.float";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 7) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.double";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 8) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex32";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 9) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex64";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 10) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex128";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 11) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.bool";
+        }
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_ones.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_ones.cpp
index d055b346631..888397a97c5 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_ones.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_ones.cpp
@@ -40,18 +40,25 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
 
     void write(Operator* op, const std::map<std::string, Parameter>& captured_params) const
     {
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 0) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.uint8";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 1) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int8";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 2) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.short";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 3) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 4) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.long";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 5) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.half";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 6) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.float";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 7) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.double";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 8) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex32";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 9) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex64";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 10) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex128";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 11) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.bool";
+        if (captured_params.at("dtype").type == 0)
+        {
+            op->params["dtype"] = Parameter();
+        }
+        else // if (captured_params.at("dtype").type == 2)
+        {
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 0) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.uint8";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 1) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int8";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 2) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.short";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 3) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 4) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.long";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 5) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.half";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 6) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.float";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 7) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.double";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 8) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex32";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 9) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex64";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 10) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex128";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 11) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.bool";
+        }
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_ones_like.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_ones_like.cpp
index 312ea8ed95a..8837b0fdd5f 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_ones_like.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_ones_like.cpp
@@ -41,18 +41,25 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
 
     void write(Operator* op, const std::map<std::string, Parameter>& captured_params) const
     {
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 0) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.uint8";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 1) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int8";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 2) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.short";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 3) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 4) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.long";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 5) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.half";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 6) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.float";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 7) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.double";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 8) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex32";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 9) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex64";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 10) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex128";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 11) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.bool";
+        if (captured_params.at("dtype").type == 0)
+        {
+            op->params["dtype"] = Parameter();
+        }
+        else // if (captured_params.at("dtype").type == 2)
+        {
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 0) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.uint8";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 1) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int8";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 2) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.short";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 3) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 4) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.long";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 5) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.half";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 6) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.float";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 7) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.double";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 8) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex32";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 9) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex64";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 10) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex128";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 11) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.bool";
+        }
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_randn.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_randn.cpp
index 5cbfc33fea9..345c4e495d5 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_randn.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_randn.cpp
@@ -40,18 +40,25 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
 
     void write(Operator* op, const std::map<std::string, Parameter>& captured_params) const
     {
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 0) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.uint8";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 1) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int8";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 2) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.short";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 3) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 4) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.long";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 5) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.half";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 6) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.float";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 7) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.double";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 8) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex32";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 9) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex64";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 10) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex128";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 11) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.bool";
+        if (captured_params.at("dtype").type == 0)
+        {
+            op->params["dtype"] = Parameter();
+        }
+        else // if (captured_params.at("dtype").type == 2)
+        {
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 0) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.uint8";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 1) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int8";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 2) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.short";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 3) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 4) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.long";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 5) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.half";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 6) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.float";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 7) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.double";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 8) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex32";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 9) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex64";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 10) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex128";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 11) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.bool";
+        }
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_randn_like.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_randn_like.cpp
index da74dec04a2..68c1dc9dcb6 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_randn_like.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_randn_like.cpp
@@ -41,18 +41,25 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
 
     void write(Operator* op, const std::map<std::string, Parameter>& captured_params) const
     {
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 0) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.uint8";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 1) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int8";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 2) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.short";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 3) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 4) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.long";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 5) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.half";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 6) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.float";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 7) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.double";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 8) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex32";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 9) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex64";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 10) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex128";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 11) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.bool";
+        if (captured_params.at("dtype").type == 0)
+        {
+            op->params["dtype"] = Parameter();
+        }
+        else // if (captured_params.at("dtype").type == 2)
+        {
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 0) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.uint8";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 1) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int8";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 2) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.short";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 3) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 4) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.long";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 5) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.half";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 6) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.float";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 7) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.double";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 8) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex32";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 9) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex64";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 10) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex128";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 11) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.bool";
+        }
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_zeros.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_zeros.cpp
index 8b53d1652b0..90213fdde5b 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_zeros.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_zeros.cpp
@@ -40,18 +40,25 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
 
     void write(Operator* op, const std::map<std::string, Parameter>& captured_params) const
     {
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 0) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.uint8";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 1) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int8";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 2) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.short";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 3) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 4) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.long";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 5) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.half";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 6) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.float";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 7) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.double";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 8) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex32";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 9) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex64";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 10) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex128";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 11) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.bool";
+        if (captured_params.at("dtype").type == 0)
+        {
+            op->params["dtype"] = Parameter();
+        }
+        else // if (captured_params.at("dtype").type == 2)
+        {
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 0) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.uint8";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 1) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int8";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 2) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.short";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 3) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 4) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.long";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 5) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.half";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 6) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.float";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 7) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.double";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 8) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex32";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 9) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex64";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 10) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex128";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 11) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.bool";
+        }
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_zeros_like.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_zeros_like.cpp
index 85a0bd22490..5babbbb55a7 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_zeros_like.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level2/torch_zeros_like.cpp
@@ -41,18 +41,25 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
 
     void write(Operator* op, const std::map<std::string, Parameter>& captured_params) const
     {
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 0) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.uint8";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 1) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int8";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 2) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.short";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 3) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 4) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.long";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 5) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.half";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 6) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.float";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 7) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.double";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 8) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex32";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 9) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex64";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 10) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex128";
-        if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 11) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.bool";
+        if (captured_params.at("dtype").type == 0)
+        {
+            op->params["dtype"] = Parameter();
+        }
+        else // if (captured_params.at("dtype").type == 2)
+        {
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 0) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.uint8";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 1) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int8";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 2) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.short";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 3) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.int";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 4) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.long";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 5) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.half";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 6) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.float";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 7) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.double";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 8) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex32";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 9) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex64";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 10) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.complex128";
+            if (captured_params.at("dtype").i == 11) op->params["dtype"] = "torch.bool";
+        }
     }
 };