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<!doctype html>
<html class="no-js" lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>ardx:electronics[.:wcrs:.]</title>
<meta name="description" content="Arduino Experimenters Kit Electronics Primer">
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<!-- #include «topnav.html» -->
<nav id="topnav">
<a id="logo" href="https://wcrsyyc.github.io/"><img
src="img/wcrs_logo.png" alt="logo"></a>
<h2><a href="index.html">WCRS</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/WCRSyyc/ardx">about</a> |</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/WCRSyyc/ardx/issues">contact</a> |</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/WCRSyyc/ardx/wiki">wiki</a></li>
</ul>
<hr>
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</nav>
<!-- #include «sidebar.html» -->
<nav id="sidebar">
<section id="menu">
<ul>
<li><h2>PRODUCTS</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/WCRSyyc/ardx/"><h3>(WCRS)</h3>ARDX additions</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="preface.html">
<h4>ABOUT</h4>A Few Words</a></li>
<!-- <li><a href="assembling.html">
<h4>ASSMB</h4>Putting It Together</a></li> -->
<li><a href="starthere.html">
<h4>START</h4>Startup Links</a></li>
<li><a href="programming.html">
<h4>PROG</h4>Programming Primer</a></li>
<li><a href="electronics.html">
<h4>ELEC</h4>Electronics Primer</a></li>
<li><a href="fritzing.html">
<h4>FRITZING</h4>Fritzing with ARDX</a></li>
<li><a href="circ01.html">
<h4>CIRC-01</h4>Blinking LED</a></li>
<li><a href="circ02.html">
<h4>CIRC-02</h4>Multiple LEDs</a></li>
<li><a href="circ03.html">
<h4>CIRC-03</h4>Transistors & Motors</a></li>
<li><a href="circ04.html">
<h4>CIRC-04</h4>Servos</a></li>
<li><a href="circ05.html">
<h4>CIRC-05</h4>74HC595 Shift Registers</a></li>
<li><a href="circ06.html">
<h4>CIRC-06</h4>Piezo Speaker</a></li>
<li><a href="circ07.html">
<h4>CIRC-07</h4>Pushbuttons</a></li>
<li><a href="circ08.html">
<h4>CIRC-08</h4>Potentiometers</a></li>
<li><a href="circ09.html">
<h4>CIRC-09</h4>Photo-Resistors</a></li>
<li><a href="circ10.html">
<h4>CIRC-10</h4>Temperature</a></li>
<li><a href="circ11.html">
<h4>CIRC-11</h4>Relays</a></li>
<li><a href="circ12.html">
<h4>CIRC-12</h4>RGB LED blink</a></li>
<li><a href="circ15.html">
<h4>CIRC-15</h4>Dice Simulator</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/WCRSyyc/ardx/"><h3>(WCRS CPX)</h3>Circuit Python experimenter´s kit</a>
<ul>
<!-- <li><a href="preface.html">
<h4>ABOUT</h4>A Few Words</a></li> -->
<!-- <li><a href="assembling.html">
<h4>ASSMB</h4>Putting It Together</a></li> -->
<!-- <li><a href="starthere.html">
<h4>START</h4>Startup Links</a></li> -->
<!-- <li><a href="programming.html">
<h4>PROG</h4>Programming Primer</a></li> -->
<li><a href="electronics.html">
<h4>ELEC</h4>Electronics Primer</a></li>
<li><a href="fritzing.html">
<h4>FRITZING</h4>Fritzing with ARDX</a></li>
<li><a href="ArdxPythonHowTo.html">
<h4>GUIDE</h4>Python Guide</a></li>
<!--
<li><a href="circ01p.html">
<h4>CIRC-01</h4>Blinking LED</a></li>
<li><a href="circ02p.html">
<h4>CIRC-02</h4>Multiple LEDs</a></li>
<li><a href="circ03p.html">
<h4>CIRC-03</h4>Transistors & Motors</a></li>
<li><a href="circ04p.html">
<h4>CIRC-04</h4>Servos</a></li>
<li><a href="circ05p.html">
<h4>CIRC-05</h4>74HC595 Shift Registers</a></li>
<li><a href="circ06p.html">
<h4>CIRC-06</h4>Piezo Speaker</a></li>
<li><a href="circ07p.html">
<h4>CIRC-07</h4>Pushbuttons</a></li>
<li><a href="circ08p.html">
<h4>CIRC-08</h4>Potentiometers</a></li>
<li><a href="circ09p.html">
<h4>CIRC-09</h4>Photo-Resistors</a></li>
<li><a href="circ10p.html">
<h4>CIRC-10</h4>Temperature</a></li>
<li><a href="circ11p.html">
<h4>CIRC-11</h4>Relays</a></li>
<li><a href="circ12p.html">
<h4>CIRC-12</h4>RGB LED blink</a></li>
<li><a href="circ15p.html">
<h4>CIRC-15</h4>Dice Simulator</a></li> -->
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="http://www.oomlout.com/a/products/ardx/"><h3>(ARDX)</h3>arduino / netduino experimenter´s kit</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3><a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
<img alt="Creative Commons License"
src="img/80x15.png"></a></h3>
This work is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons
Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.
</section>
</nav>
<main id="elec">
<header>
<h1>ELEC<br/>electronics primer</h1>
<h2>.:A Small Electronics Primer:.</h2>
<img src="img/components-500.jpg" width="133" height="133" alt="electronic components">
</header>
<section>
<h2>Electronics in Brief</h2>
<p>No previous electronic experience is required to have fun with this kit. Here are a few details about each component to make identifying, and perhaps understanding them, a bit easier. If at any point you are worried about how a component is used or why it's not working, the internet offers a treasure trove of advice. We can also be contacted at <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a> or questions can be posted to the <a href="https://github.com/WCRSyyc/ardx/issues">issues</a> for our github repository.</p>
</section>
<section class="details">
<h2>Component Details</h2>
<div>
<div>
<h3>LED</h3>
<h4>(Light Emitting Diode)</h4>
<img src="img/leds.jpg" alt="image of LEDs">
</div>
<div>
<h3>What it Does:</h3>
<p>Emits light when a small current is passed through it. <span>(only in one direction)</span></p>
<h3>Identifying:</h3>
<p>Looks like a mini light bulb.</p>
<div class="glue">
<h3>No. of Leads:</h3>
<p>2 (one longer, this one connects to positive)</p>
</div>
<h3>Things to watch out for:</h3>
<ul>
<li>Will only work in one direction</li>
<li>Requires a current limiting resistor</li>
</ul>
<h3>More <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode">details</a> on Wikipedia:</h3>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<h3>Diode</h3>
<img src="img/diode.jpg" alt="image of single THT diode">
</div>
<div>
<h3>What it Does:</h3>
<p>The electronic equivalent of a one way valve. Allowing current to flow in one direction but not the other.</p>
<h3>Identifying:</h3>
<p>Usually a cylinder with wires extending from either end. <span>(and an off centre line indicating polarity)</span></p>
<div class="glue">
<h3>No. of Leads:</h3>
<p>2</p>
</div>
<h3>Things to watch out for:</h3>
<ul>
<li>Will only work in one direction <span>(current will flow if end with the line is connected to ground)</span></li>
</ul>
<h3>More <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode">details</a> on Wikipedia:</h3>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<h3>Resistor</h3>
<img src="img/resistor.jpg" alt="image of single 1/4 watt THT resistor">
</div>
<div>
<h3>What it Does:</h3>
<p>Restricts the amount of current that can flow through a circuit.</p>
<h3>Identifying:</h3>
<p>Cylinder with wires extending from either end. The value is displayed using a colour coding system (for details see the end of this page)</p>
<div class="glue">
<h3>No. of Leads:</h3>
<p>2</p>
</div>
<h3>Things to watch out for:</h3>
<ul>
<li>Easy to grab the wrong value <span>(double check the colours before using)</span></li>
</ul>
<h3>More <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistor">details</a> on Wikipedia:</h3>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<h3>Transistor</h3>
<img src="img/transistor.png" alt="image of 2n2222 TO92 package BJT transistor">
</div>
<div>
<h3>What it Does:</h3>
<p>Uses a small current to switch or amplify a much larger current.</p>
<h3>Identifying:</h3>
<p>Comes in many different packages but you can read the part number off the package. (P2N2222AG in this kit and find a datasheet online)</p>
<div class="glue">
<h3>No. of Leads:</h3>
<p>3 (Base, Collector, Emitter)</p>
</div>
<h3>Things to watch out for:</h3>
<ul>
<li>Plugging in the right way round <span>(also a current limiting resistor is often needed on the base pin)</span></li>
</ul>
<h3>More <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor">details</a> on Wikipedia:</h3>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<h3>Hobby Servo</h3>
<img src="img/servo.jpg" alt="example image of hobby servo">
</div>
<div>
<h3>What it Does:</h3>
<p>Takes a timed pulse and converts it into an angular position of the output shaft.</p>
<h3>Identifying:</h3>
<p>A plastic box with 3 wires coming out one side and a shaft with a plastic horn out the top.</p>
<div class="glue">
<h3>No. of Leads:</h3>
<p>3</p>
</div>
<h3>Things to watch out for:</h3>
<ul>
<li>The plug is not polarized so make sure it is plugged in the right way</li>
</ul>
<h3>More <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servo_control">details</a> on Wikipedia:</h3>
<p>Extra information <a href="http://www.seattlerobotics.org/guide/servos.html">here</a> as well.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<h3>DC Motor</h3>
<img src="img/dc_motor.jpg" alt="image of small dc hobby motor">
</div>
<div>
<h3>What it Does:</h3>
<p>Spins when a current is passed through it.</p>
<h3>Identifying:</h3>
<p>This one is easy, it looks like a motor. Usually a cylinder with a shaft coming out of one end.</p>
<div class="glue">
<h3>No. of Leads:</h3>
<p>2</p>
</div>
<h3>Things to watch out for:</h3>
<ul>
<li>Using a transistor or relay that is rated for the size of motor you're using.</li>
</ul>
<h3>More <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_motor">details</a> on Wikipedia:</h3>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<h3>Piezo Element</h3>
<img src="img/piezo-buzzer.jpg" alt="image of piezo buzzer">
</div>
<div>
<h3>What it Does:</h3>
<p>A pulse of current will cause it to click. A stream of pulses will cause it to emit a tone.</p>
<h3>Identifying:</h3>
<p>In this kit it comes in a little black barrel, but sometimes they are just a gold disc.</p>
<div class="glue">
<h3>No. of Leads:</h3>
<p>2</p>
</div>
<h3>Things to watch out for:</h3>
<ul>
<li>Difficult to misuse</li>
</ul>
<h3>More <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectric_sensor">details</a> on Wikipedia:</h3>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<h3>IC</h3>
<h4>(Integrated Circuit)</h4>
<img src="img/ic.jpg" alt="image of a couple of IC chips">
</div>
<div>
<h3>What it Does:</h3>
<p>Combines any range of complicated electronics inside an easy to use package.</p>
<h3>Identifying:</h3>
<p>The part ID is written on the outside of the package. (this sometimes requires a lot of light or a magnifying glass to read).</p>
<div class="glue">
<h3>No. of Leads:</h3>
<p>2 - 100s <span>(in this kit there is one with 3 (TMP36) and one with 16 (74HC595)</span></p>
</div>
<h3>Things to watch out for:</h3>
<ul>
<li>Proper orientation. <span>(look for marks showing pin 1)</span></li>
</ul>
<h3>More <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuit">details</a> on Wikipedia:</h3>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<h3>Pushbutton</h3>
<img src="img/pushbutton.jpg" alt="image of a pushbutton switch">
</div>
<div>
<h3>What it Does:</h3>
<p>Completes a circuit when it is pressed.</p>
<h3>Identifying:</h3>
<p>A little square with leads out the bottom and a button on the top.</p>
<div class="glue">
<h3>No. of Leads:</h3>
<p>4</p>
</div>
<h3>Things to watch out for:</h3>
<ul>
<li>These are almost square so can be inserted 90 degrees off angle</li>
</ul>
<h3>More <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push-button">details</a> on Wikipedia:</h3>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<h3>Potentiometer</h3>
<img src="img/potentiometer.jpg" alt="image of a potentiometer">
</div>
<div>
<h3>What it Does:</h3>
<p>Produces a variable resistance dependant on the angular position of the shaft.</p>
<h3>Identifying:</h3>
<p>They can be packaged in many different form factors, look for a dial to identify.</p>
<div class="glue">
<h3>No. of Leads:</h3>
<p>3</p>
</div>
<h3>Things to watch out for:</h3>
<ul>
<li>Accidentally buying logarithmic scale</li>
</ul>
<h3>More <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentiometer">details</a> on Wikipedia:</h3>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<h3>Photo Resistor</h3>
<h4>(Light Dependent Resistor)</h4>
<img src="img/photoresistor.jpg" alt="image of a light Dependent resistor">
</div>
<div>
<h3>What it Does:</h3>
<p>Produces a variable resistance dependant on the amount of incident light.</p>
<h3>Identifying:</h3>
<p>Usually a little disk with a clear top and a curvy line underneath.</p>
<div class="glue">
<h3>No. of Leads:</h3>
<p>2</p>
</div>
<h3>Things to watch out for:</h3>
<ul>
<li>Remember it needs to be in a voltage divider before it provides a useful input</li>
</ul>
<h3>More <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoresistor">details</a> on Wikipedia:</h3>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="half">
<h2>Resistor Colour Codes</h2>
<h3>Examples:</h3>
<dl>
<dt>560 ohms (560Ω)</dt>
<dd>green-blue-brown (56 x 10^1)</dd>
<dd>green-blue-black-black (560 x 10^0)</dd>
<dt>2,200 ohms (2.2kΩ)</dt>
<dd>red-red-red (22 x 10^2)</dd>
<dd>red-red-black-brown (220 x 10^1)</dd>
<dt>10,000 ohms (10kΩ)</dt>
<dd>brown-black-orange (10 x 10^3)</dd>
<dd>brown-black-black-red (100 & 10^2)</dd>
</dl>
Shown without tolerance or temperature coefficient color bands
<ul>
<li>0 - Black</li>
<li>1 - Brown</li>
<li>2 - Red</li>
<li>3 - Orange</li>
<li>4 - Yellow</li>
<li>5 - Green</li>
<li>6 - Blue</li>
<li>7 - Purple</li>
<li>8 - Grey</li>
<li>9 - White</li>
<li>20% - none</li>
<li>10% - silver</li>
<li>50% - gold</li>
</ul>
<a href="https://github.com/WCRSyyc/ardx/wiki/Resistor-colour-codes">Wiki resistor colour codes</a>
</section>
<section class="half">
<h2>Lead Clipping</h2>
<p>Some components in this kit come with very long wire leads. To make them more compatible with a breadboard a couple of changes are required.</p>
<h3>LEDs:</h3>
<p>Clip the leads so the long lead is ~10mm (3/8"") long and the short one is ~7mm (9/32"").</p>
<h3>Resistors:</h3>
<p>Bend the leads down so they are 90 degrees to the cylinder. Then snip them so they are ~6mm (1/4"") long.</p>
<h3>Other Components:</h3>
<p>Other components may need clipping. Use your discretion when doing so.</p>
</section>
</main>
<footer>.: Welcome to the Bottom:.</footer>
</body>
</html>