Update Code to Reflect Style Guide

[Kfeavel]

Areas of Concern:

• Namespaces (CamelCase)
• Variable naming (lowerCamelCase)
• Functions that should be static
• Missing function prototypes
• Single-line while loops should use continue (i.e. while (bool) continue;)
  • Add AllowShortLoopsOnASingleLine: true to .clang-format
• Visit Clang Format Docs and check for other options to enable

These can be separate pull requests, so format the branch names as 287-code-cleanup-(insert category here)

[Kfeavel]

---
Language: Cpp
BasedOnStyle: WebKit

NamespaceIndentation: None
IndentPPDirectives: AfterHash
SpaceAfterTemplateKeyword: false
BraceWrapping:
    AfterFunction: true

BreakBeforeInheritanceComma: true
BreakConstructorInitializers: BeforeComma
BreakBeforeBraces: Custom

AllowShortBlocksOnASingleLine: Always

AlignConsecutiveAssignments: AcrossComments
AlignConsecutiveBitFields: AcrossEmptyLinesAndComments
AlignConsecutiveMacros: AcrossComments
AlignTrailingComments: true
AlignEscapedNewlines: Left
AlignOperands: AlignAfterOperator