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<!doctype html>
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<title>CCC: Cryptocurrency Course slide set</title>
<meta name="description" content="A set of slides for a course on Cryptocurrency">
<meta name="author" content="Aaron Bloomfield">
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<section data-markdown><textarea>
# CS 4501
### Cryptocurrency
<p class='titlep'> </p>
<div class="titlesmall"><p>
<a href="http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb">Aaron Bloomfield</a> ([email protected])<br>
<a href="http://github.com/aaronbloomfield/ccc">@github</a> | <a href="index.html">↑</a> | <a href="?print-pdf"><img class="print" width="20" src="../slides/images/print-icon.png" style="top:0px;vertical-align:middle"></a>
</p></div>
<p class='titlep'> </p>
## Course Conclusion
</textarea></section>
<section data-markdown><textarea>
# Contents
[What was missed](#/missed)
[Looking Forward](#/forward)
[Looking Backward](#/theend)
</textarea></section>
<!-- ============================================================ -->
<section>
<section id="missed" data-markdown class="center"><textarea>
# What was Missed
</textarea></section>
<section data-markdown data-separator="^\n\n\n"><textarea>
## Topics we didn't cover
- Due to the ebb and flow of the semester, we did not get to a few topics
- Part of this was due to lectures being three times a week instead of twice a week
- More time overall is spent on announcements and the start-of-lecture catch-up of where we left off
- Partly it's not that things were missed, but that there is so much more to explore on this subject
<!-- .slide: class="cclogo-slide" -->
## Advanced Cyrpocurrenty
- The intent was to go over a more recent, and thus more advanced, cryptocurrency
- I'm not sure there is time for this in the course
- The intended example was [![algo logo](../slides/images/logos/algo-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/algorand/) ALGO (Algorand)
- Other options: Aleo, Polygon, or Polkadot
## Zero-knowledge proofs
- We saw it a bit, but didn't go into detail
- Some last Friday, some today
- It's very math-heavy, and would require a different set of pre-reqs
</textarea></section>
</section>
<!-- ============================================================ -->
<section>
<section id="forward" data-markdown class="center"><textarea>
# Looking Forward
</textarea></section>
<section data-markdown data-separator="^\n\n\n"><textarea>
<h2><img src="images/logos/btc-coin-symbol.svg" class="cclogoheader"> Bitcoin (<a href="https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/bitcoin/">BTC</a>) <br clear='all'></h2>
- Pros
- It started this whole field
- High value for one Bitcoin
- Cons
- You can't do much other than transfer funds
- Script language is rather limited
- It's kinda boring once you know about more cryptocurrencies
- Proof-of-work coins are falling out of favor
<h2><img src="images/logos/eth-coin-symbol.svg" class="cclogoheader"> Ethereum (<a href="https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/ethereum/">ETH</a>) Pros<br clear='all'></h2>
- It shows what one can do with a modern cryptocurrency
- It has a Turing-complete programming language
- A lot of developer resources
- Including things like stack overflow posts for commonly encountered problems
- Well developed development environments
- Widely used, well trusted (relatively speaking)
<h2><img src="images/logos/eth-coin-symbol.svg" class="cclogoheader"> Ethereum (<a href="https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/ethereum/">ETH</a>) Cons<br clear='all'></h2>
- Relatively expensive to interact with
- Low transaction rate, although that is likely to change with sharding
- Now proof-of-stake
- Technology is now 8 years old (although it has been updated)
## Faster Transactions
- One's we've seen:
- <img src="images/logos/xlm-coin-symbol.svg" class="cclogo"> Stellar Lumens ([XLM](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/stellar/)): 1k TPS <br clear='all'>
- <img src="images/logos/sol-coin-symbol.svg" class="cclogo"> Solana ([SOL](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/solana/)): 50k TPS <br clear='all'>
- (And Ethereum, once the switch to PoS is all completed)
- Both are meant to have the same features as Ethereum (smart contracts, etc.)
## More features
- One's we've seen:
- <img src="images/logos/matic-coin-symbol.svg" class="cclogo"> Polygon ([MATIC](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/polygon/)) <br clear='all'>
- <img src="images/logos/dot-coin-symbol.svg" class="cclogo"> Polkadot ([DOT](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/polkadot-new/)) <br clear='all'>
- Both have many more features than Ethereum
- Creation of additional chains, native interaction with multiple blockchains
- Plus they are faster as well
## Better GUIS
- <img src="images/logos/beam-coin-symbol.svg" class="cclogo"> Beam ([BEAM](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/beam/)) GUI:<br clear='all'>
<img src="images/conclusion/beam-desktop.webp" style="padding:0;background:transparent">
Image from [Beam's home page](https://beam.mw/)
## Different development languages
- <img src="images/logos/eth-coin-symbol.svg" class="cclogo"> Ethereum has Solidity, of course (and others) <br clear='all'>
- <img src="images/logos/dot-coin-symbol.svg" class="cclogo"> Polkadot uses Rust <br clear='all'>
- <img src="images/logos/sol-coin-symbol.svg" class="cclogo"> Solana uses C, C++, and Rust <br clear='all'>
- <img src="images/logos/matic-coin-symbol.svg" class="cclogo"> Polygon uses Javascript and Solidity <br clear='all'>
- <img src="images/logos/atom-coin-symbol.svg" class="cclogo"> Cosmos uses Go <br clear='all'>
- Many of the newer cryptocurrencies use lesser known languages (Erlang, Vue, Michelson, etc.)
## Is buying a miner worth it?
- Numbers as of spring 2024
- A high-end graphics card uses about `$`1 per day in electrical costs and generates `$`0.80 in cryptocurrency profit
- It's worth it if you don't pay for your electricity usage
- A Bitcoin ASIC miner, such as the [Avalon 1166 miner](https://canaan.io/product/a1166pro-s-75t), uses about `$`9 in electrical costs and generates maybe half that in profit
- This can be profitable at scale, when electricity is cheap, miners are cheap, and/or when the heat generated is used for something else
## Where is the field going
- If we could predict this, we'd all be rich on Bitcoin
- Vitalik Buterin, the creator of Ethereum, has a [blog](https://vitalik.ca/)
- [Reddit post: Best crypto life hacks](https://www.reddit.com/r/CryptoCurrency/comments/rtlsoi/best_lifehacks_in_crypto_that_beginners_should/)
- Reddit post: How I accumulated my wealth by looking at pages 10 and beyond on Coingecko
- The [original post](https://www.reddit.com/r/CryptoCurrency/comments/u5je3f/how_i_accumulated_my_wealth_by_looking_at_pages/) was deleted, but is available on [archive.org](https://web.archive.org/web/20220417124008/https://www.reddit.com/r/CryptoCurrency/comments/u5je3f/how_i_accumulated_my_wealth_by_looking_at_pages/)
- This is, of course, if it can ever get past all the scams and thefts...
<h2 class="r-fit-text">Want to start a cryptocurrency?</h2>
- Starting it is easy
- Make a ERC-20 token or fork existing source code
- Getting people to trust it is *hard*
- There are 100 coins created *each day* -- what will make yours stand out?
- You need something different that fills a new niche
- That probably means a new code base, not an ERC-20 token
- And a *lot* of patience to get people to adopt it
- (If you do this, let me know!)
</textarea></section>
</section>
<!-- ============================================================ -->
<section>
<section id="theend" data-markdown class="center"><textarea>
# Looking Backward
</textarea></section>
<section data-markdown data-separator="^\n\n\n"><textarea>
## Course Objectives
- Understand the theoretical aspects of cryptocurrency
- Understand the basics of blockchain in general, and the details of a selected number of blockchains
- Understand the uses of cryptocurrency and blockchain beyond that as a form of money
- Understand the policy, ethical, legal, and tax implications of cryptocurrency
- Be able to develop programs for a specific Blockchain
- Implement a fully working modern cryptocurrency
## 40 Cryptocurrencies studied
[![algo logo](../slides/images/logos/algo-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/algorand/)
[![atom logo](../slides/images/logos/atom-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/cosmos/)
[![aust logo](../slides/images/logos/aust-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/anchorust/)
[![beam logo](../slides/images/logos/beam-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/beam/)
[![btc logo](../slides/images/logos/btc-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/bitcoin/)
[![btg logo](../slides/images/logos/btg-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/bitcoin-gold/)
[![dai logo](../slides/images/logos/dai-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/multi-collateral-dai/)
[![dot logo](../slides/images/logos/dot-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/polkadot-new/)
[![erg logo](../slides/images/logos/erg-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/ergo/)
[![etc logo](../slides/images/logos/etc-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/ethereum-classic/)
[![eth logo](../slides/images/logos/eth-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/ethereum/)
[![fei logo](../slides/images/logos/fei-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/fei-usd/)
[![fil logo](../slides/images/logos/fil-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/filecoin/)
[![firo logo](../slides/images/logos/firo-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/firo/)
[![frax logo](../slides/images/logos/frax-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/frax/)
[![juno logo](../slides/images/logos/juno-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/juno/)
[![luna logo](../slides/images/logos/lunac-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/terra-luna/)
[![matic logo](../slides/images/logos/matic-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/polygon/)
[![mim logo](../slides/images/logos/mim-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/magic-internet-money/)
[![mkr logo](../slides/images/logos/mkr-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/maker/)
[![neox logo](../slides/images/logos/neox-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/neoxa/)
[![nmc logo](../slides/images/logos/nmc-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/namecoin/)
[![ppc logo](../slides/images/logos/ppc-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/peercoin/)
[![rvn logo](../slides/images/logos/rvn-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/ravencoin/)
[![sai logo](../slides/images/logos/sai-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/single-collateral-dai/)
[![shib logo](../slides/images/logos/shib-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/shiba-inu/)
[![sol logo](../slides/images/logos/sol-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/solana/)
[![spell logo](../slides/images/logos/spell-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/spell-token/)
[![storj logo](../slides/images/logos/storj-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/storj/)
[![tomb logo](../slides/images/logos/tomb-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/tomb/)
[![tribe logo](../slides/images/logos/tribe-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/tribe/)
[![usdc logo](../slides/images/logos/usdc-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/usd-coin/)
[![usdt logo](../slides/images/logos/usdt-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/tether/)
[![ustc logo](../slides/images/logos/ustc-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/terrausd/)
[![wbtc logo](../slides/images/logos/wbtc-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/wrapped-bitcoin/)
[![weth logo](../slides/images/logos/weth-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/weth/)
[![xlm logo](../slides/images/logos/xlm-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/stellar/)
[![xpd logo](../slides/images/logos/xpd-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/petrodollar/)
[![xpm logo](../slides/images/logos/xpm-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/primecoin/)
[![zec logo](../slides/images/logos/zec-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/zcash/)
<!-- .slide: class="cclogo-slide" -->
## ~50 Cryptocurrencies created
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/ad.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/ash.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/blc.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/brd.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/bro.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/bwtc.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/chc.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/cmmc.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/coco.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/ddc.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/dis.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/dmj.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/dpwe.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/dsy.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/ekm.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/embg.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/fbx.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/gc.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/gg.png.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/habbii.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/hbiu.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/hobs.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/jdo.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/jlc.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/jw.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/kay.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/kc.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/ktc.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/maby.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/magt.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/mal.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/mass.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/mcc.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/milk.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/mobu.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/mook.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/narb.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/nft.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/pbtc03.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/pmc.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/pook.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/rad.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/scn.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/scor.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/scx.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/skrt.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/stpd.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/tcc.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/tenz.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/toby.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/twc.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/wtw.png#cclogosmall)
![](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb2t/cclogos/zkn.png#cclogosmall)
<!-- .slide: class="cclogo-slide" -->
## Cryptocurrencies studied (1/7)
- Many coins appeared in multiple places
- Only the most relevant slide set is listed here
- Studied throughout the semester:
- [![btc logo](../slides/images/logos/btc-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/bitcoin/) Bitcoin ([BTC](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/bitcoin/))<br clear='all'>
- [![eth logo](../slides/images/logos/eth-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/ethereum/) Ethereum ([ETH](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/ethereum/))<br clear='all'>
- [![rvn logo](../slides/images/logos/rvn-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/ravencoin/) Ravencoin ([RVN](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/ravencoin/))<br clear='all'>
<!-- .slide: class="cclogo-slide" -->
## Cryptocurrencies studied (2/7)
- From [Mining](mining.html#/), Proof-of-$X$:
- [![fil logo](../slides/images/logos/fil-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/filecoin/) Filecoin ([FIL](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/filecoin/)) <br clear='all'>
- [![neox logo](../slides/images/logos/neox-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/neoxa/) Neoxa ([NEOX](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/neoxa/)) <br clear='all'>
- [![ppc logo](../slides/images/logos/ppc-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/peercoin/) Peercoin ([PPC](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/peercoin/)) <br clear='all'>
- [![storj logo](../slides/images/logos/storj-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/storj/) Storj ([STORJ](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/storj/)) <br clear='all'>
- [![xpm logo](../slides/images/logos/xpm-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/primecoin/) Primecoin ([XPM](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/primecoin/)) <br clear='all'>
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## Cryptocurrencies studied (3/7)
- From [Mining](mining.html#/), Forks & Orphan Nodes and also Attacks:
- [![btg logo](../slides/images/logos/btg-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/bitcoin-gold/) Bitcoin Gold ([BTG](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/bitcoin-gold/)) <br clear='all'>
- [![erg logo](../slides/images/logos/erg-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/ergo/) Ergo ([ERG](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/ergo/)) <br clear='all'>
- [![etc logo](../slides/images/logos/etc-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/ethereum-classic/) Ethereum Classic ([ETC](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/ethereum-classic/)) <br clear='all'>
- [![nmc logo](../slides/images/logos/nmc-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/namecoin/) Namecoin ([NMC](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/namecoin/)) <br clear='all'>
- From [Tokens](tokens.html#/):
- [![shib logo](../slides/images/logos/shib-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/shiba-inu/)Shib Inu ([SHIB](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/shiba-inu/)) <br clear='all'>
- [![weth logo](../slides/images/logos/weth-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/weth/) Wrapped Ethereum ([WETH](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/weth/)) <br clear='all'>
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## Cryptocurrencies studied (4/7)
- From [Consensus](consensus.html#/):
- [![atom logo](../slides/images/logos/atom-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/cosmos/) Cosmos ([ATOM](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/cosmos/)), then called Tendermint <br clear='all'>
- From [Blockchain Applications](applications.html#/):
- [![juno logo](../slides/images/logos/juno-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/juno/) Juno ([JUNO](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/juno/)) <br clear='all'>
- From [Stablecoins](stablecoins.html#/), collateralized & centralized:
- [![usdc logo](../slides/images/logos/usdc-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/usd-coin/) USD Coin ([USDC](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/usd-coin/)) <br clear='all'>
- [![usdt logo](../slides/images/logos/usdt-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/tether/) Tether ([USDT](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/tether/)) <br clear='all'>
- From [Stablecoins](stablecoins.html#/), uncollateralized & centralized:
- [![xpd logo](../slides/images/logos/xpd-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/petrodollar/) PetroDollar ([XPD](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/petrodollar/)) <br clear='all'>
<!-- .slide: class="cclogo-slide" -->
## Cryptocurrencies studied (5/7)
- From [Stablecoins](stablecoins.html#/), collateralized & decentralized:
- [![dai logo](../slides/images/logos/dai-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/multi-collateral-dai/) Dai ([DAI](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/multi-collateral-dai/)) <br clear='all'>
- [![mkr logo](../slides/images/logos/mkr-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/maker/) Maker ([MKR](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/maker/)) <br clear='all'>
- [![sai logo](../slides/images/logos/sai-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/single-collateral-dai/) Sai ([SAI](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/single-collateral-dai/)) <br clear='all'>
- From [Stablecoins](stablecoins.html#/), uncollateralized & decentralized:
- [![fei logo](../slides/images/logos/fei-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/fei-usd/) Fei ([FEI](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/fei-usd/)) <br clear='all'>
- [![frax logo](../slides/images/logos/frax-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/frax/) Frax ([FRAX](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/frax/)) <br clear='all'>
- [![tomb logo](../slides/images/logos/tomb-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/tomb/) Tomb ([TOMB](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/tomb/)) <br clear='all'>
- [![tribe logo](../slides/images/logos/tribe-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/tribe/) Tribe ([TRIBE](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/tribe/)) <br clear='all'>
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## Cryptocurrencies studied (6/7)
- From [Stablecoins](stablecoins.html#/), LUNA / USTC case study:
- [![aust logo](../slides/images/logos/aust-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/anchorust/) Anchor USD ([AUST](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/anchorust/)) <br clear='all'>
- [![luna logo](../slides/images/logos/lunac-coin-symbol.svg#cclogomed)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/terra-luna/) Luna Classic ([LUNA/C](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/terra-luna/))
- [![mim logo](../slides/images/logos/mim-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/magic-internet-money/) Magic Internet Money ([MIM](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/magic-internet-money/)) <br clear='all'>
- [![spell logo](../slides/images/logos/spell-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/spell-token/) Spell ([SPELL](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/spell-token/)) <br clear='all'>
- [![ustc logo](../slides/images/logos/ustc-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/terrausd/) TerraUSD ([USTC](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/terrausd/)) <br clear='all'>
- From [zkSNARKs](zksnarks.html#/):
- [![firo logo](../slides/images/logos/firo-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/firo/) Firo ([FIRO](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/firo/)) <br clear='all'>
- [![zec logo](../slides/images/logos/zec-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/zcash/) ZCash ([ZEC](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/zcash/)) <br clear='all'>
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## Cryptocurrencies studied (7/7)
- From [Scalability](scalability.html#/):
- [![dot logo](../slides/images/logos/dot-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/polkadot-new/) Polkadot ([DOT](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/polkadot-new/)) <br clear='all'>
- [![matic logo](../slides/images/logos/matic-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/polygon/) Polygon ([MATIC](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/polygon/)) <br clear='all'>
- [![sol logo](../slides/images/logos/sol-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/solana/) Solana ([SOL](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/solana/)) <br clear='all'>
- [![wbtc logo](../slides/images/logos/wbtc-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/wrapped-bitcoin/) Wrapped Bitcoin ([WBTC](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/wrapped-bitcoin/)) <br clear='all'>
- [![xlm logo](../slides/images/logos/xlm-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/stellar/) Stellar Lumens ([XLM](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/stellar/)) <br clear='all'>
- Did not get to this semester:
- [![algo logo](../slides/images/logos/algo-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/algorand/) Algorand ([ALGO](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/algorand/)) <br clear='all'>
- From [Conclusions](conclusions.html#/) (this slide set):
- [![beam logo](../slides/images/logos/beam-coin-symbol.svg)](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/beam/) Beam ([BEAM](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/beam/)) <br clear='all'>
## Graph of fees
![](../uva/prices.svg)
This is from our daily announcements lecture set
<h2>HW comments</h2>
<table class="transparent">
<tr><td style="width:45%">
<p>"Small" homeworks</p>
<ul>
<li>HW S1: Google form</li>
<li>HW S2: Bitcoin whitepaper</li>
<li>HW S3: Ethereum white-paper</li>
<li>HW S4: Private Ethereum blockchain</li>
<li>HW S5: dApp Introduction</li>
</ul>
</td><td style="width:10%"></td><td class="top" style="width:45%">
<p>Programming homeworks</p>
<ul>
<li>HW P1: Overview</li>
<li>HW P2: ECDSA</li>
<li>HW P3: BTC parser</li>
<li>HW P4: Bitcoin scripting</li>
<li>HW P5: dApp Gradebook</li>
<li>HW P6: dApp Tokens</li>
<li>HW P7: dApp Auction</li>
<li>HW P8: DEX</li>
<li>HW P9: DAO & web3</li>
<li>HW P10: Arbitrage trading</li>
<li>HW P11: MetaMask</li>
</ul>
</td></tr></table>
</section>
## Topics we didn't cover
- Mining algorithms, CUDA (mining on a GPU)
- P2P networking
- That's more in the realm of a Networks class
- Multi-blockchain wallets and how they work
- Mining pools
- More modern cryptocurrency systems, such as Algorand
- This column of slides is meant to be very brief
## What didn't work well
- Debugging Solidity programs
- Although I think it went about as well as it could have gone...
- General Remix & geth issues
- My slowness in regrading
- Arbitrage was rougher than anticipated (although overall it worked well)
- Support request response slowness
## What did work well
- The course blockchain and the explorer
- The lecture topics
- The homeworks, and how they built upon each other over the course of the semester
- The few HWs from last semester that had issues didn't have those issues this semester
- Arbitrage doesn't fall into that category...
- TAs who took the class! And lots of office hours
- Being able to have cryptocurrency memes as the first daily announcements slide of the day
## Did I push too hard?
- I feel that the frustration was more caused by other issues than the raw work load:
- Problems debugging Solidity
- Remix acting up
- Factoring that out, was it too hard?
## Changes for next time
- This course is moving to once a year rather than once a semester
- And getting a new number: CS 4790
- Restart the blockchain, and with a different chain ID
- Same course structure, same homeworks
- Add an advanced cryptocurrency lecture, such as Algorand, Aleo, Polygon, or Polkadot
- More diagrams in the lectures
- See if BTC scripting can be done in a way that does not rely on the BTC test network
## Let me know your comments!
- Please send us your feedback!
- Either by e-mail or anonymously or on the course surveys
- Please fill out the course surveys!
<h2>Have a great break!</h2>
<img class="stretch" src="//www.adamfishercox.com/calvinandhobbes/pageimages/laststrip.png" alt="calvin and hobbes" style="width:100%;background-color:white">
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