diff --git a/bee/error.cpp b/bee/error.cpp
index 7242b83..3402a2e 100644
--- a/bee/error.cpp
+++ b/bee/error.cpp
@@ -3,51 +3,49 @@
 
 #if defined(_WIN32)
 #    include <Windows.h>
-#    include <bee/win/wtf8.h>
+#    include <bee/win/cwtf8.h>
 #else
 #    include <errno.h>
 #endif
 
 namespace bee::error {
 #if defined(_WIN32)
-    struct errormsg : public std::wstring_view {
-        using mybase = std::wstring_view;
-        errormsg(wchar_t* str) noexcept
-            : mybase(str) {}
-        ~errormsg() noexcept {
-            ::LocalFree(reinterpret_cast<HLOCAL>(const_cast<wchar_t*>(mybase::data())));
-        }
-    };
-
-    static std::wstring error_message(int error_code) {
-        wchar_t* message           = 0;
-        const unsigned long result = ::FormatMessageW(
-            FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM | FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER | FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
-            NULL,
-            error_code,
-            MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT),
-            reinterpret_cast<LPWSTR>(&message),
-            0,
-            NULL
-        );
 
-        if ((result == 0) || !message) {
-            return std::format(L"Unable to get an error message for error code: {}.", error_code);
-        }
-        errormsg str(message);
-        while (str.size() && ((str.back() == L'\n') || (str.back() == L'\r'))) {
-            str.remove_suffix(1);
-        }
-        return std::wstring(str);
-    }
-
-    class winCategory : public std::error_category {
+    class windows_category : public std::error_category {
     public:
+        struct errormsg : public std::wstring_view {
+            using mybase = std::wstring_view;
+            errormsg(wchar_t* str) noexcept
+                : mybase(str) {}
+            ~errormsg() noexcept {
+                ::LocalFree(reinterpret_cast<HLOCAL>(const_cast<wchar_t*>(mybase::data())));
+            }
+        };
         const char* name() const noexcept override {
             return "Windows";
         }
         std::string message(int error_code) const override {
-            return wtf8::w2u(error_message(error_code));
+            wchar_t* message           = 0;
+            const unsigned long result = ::FormatMessageW(
+                FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM | FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER | FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
+                NULL,
+                error_code,
+                MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT),
+                reinterpret_cast<LPWSTR>(&message),
+                0,
+                NULL
+            );
+            if ((result == 0) || !message) {
+                return std::format("Unable to get an error message for error code: {}.", error_code);
+            }
+            errormsg wstr(message);
+            while (wstr.size() && ((wstr.back() == L'\n') || (wstr.back() == L'\r'))) {
+                wstr.remove_suffix(1);
+            }
+            size_t len = wtf8_from_utf16_length(wstr.data(), wstr.size());
+            std::string ret(len, '\0');
+            wtf8_from_utf16(wstr.data(), wstr.size(), ret.data(), len);
+            return ret;
         }
         std::error_condition default_error_condition(int error_code) const noexcept override {
             const std::error_condition cond = std::system_category().default_error_condition(error_code);
@@ -57,8 +55,6 @@ namespace bee::error {
             return std::error_condition(error_code, *this);
         }
     };
-
-    static winCategory g_windows_category;
 #endif
 
     std::string errmsg(std::string_view msg, std::error_code ec) noexcept {
@@ -75,7 +71,7 @@ namespace bee::error {
 
     std::string sys_errmsg(std::string_view msg) noexcept {
 #if defined(_WIN32)
-        return errmsg(msg, std::error_code(::WSAGetLastError(), g_windows_category));
+        return errmsg(msg, std::error_code(::GetLastError(), windows_category()));
 #else
         return errmsg(msg, std::error_code(errno, std::system_category()));
 #endif
@@ -83,7 +79,7 @@ namespace bee::error {
 
     std::string net_errmsg(std::string_view msg, int err) noexcept {
 #if defined(_WIN32)
-        return errmsg(msg, std::error_code(err, g_windows_category));
+        return errmsg(msg, std::error_code(err, windows_category()));
 #else
         return errmsg(msg, std::error_code(err, std::system_category()));
 #endif
@@ -91,7 +87,7 @@ namespace bee::error {
 
     std::string net_errmsg(std::string_view msg) noexcept {
 #if defined(_WIN32)
-        return net_errmsg(msg, ::GetLastError());
+        return net_errmsg(msg, ::WSAGetLastError());
 #else
         return net_errmsg(msg, errno);
 #endif