applying-shari-a-in-the-west-facts-fears-and-the-future-of-islamic-rules-on-family-relations-in-the-west.toc

1,Applying Shari῾a in the West,1
1,LUCIS SERIES ‘DEBATES ON ISLAM AND SOCIETY’,3
1,Contents,6
1,Introduction Applying Shari῾a in the West,8
2,What do Western Muslims Mean by Shari ̔a?,9
3,Shari ̔a: a virtuous abstraction,10
3,Shari ̔a: foreign national laws,11
3,Shari ̔a: the practices and desires of Western Muslims,11
2,Shari ̔a Practices in a Western Legal Framework,13
3,Three Western regions,13
3,Shari ̔a in the West,15
2,Western Responses: Law Versus Culture,17
2,Adaptation in Western or Muslim Legal Systems?,19
2,Conclusion,20
2,Notes,21
1,SECTION I COUNTRY STUDIES,24
2,1 Reasons for the Application of Shari῾a in the West,26
3,Introduction,26
3,External Reasons for the Formal or Informal Application of Shari ̔a in the West,27
4,PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW,27
4,INTRODUCTION OF ISLAMIC LEGAL PROVISIONS,28
4,RECOGNITION OF LEGAL FACTS CREATED UNDER FOREIGN SHARI ̔A LAWS,29
4,PERSONAL LAW SYSTEMS,30
3,Internal Reasons for the Formal or Informal Application of Shari ̔a in the West,31
4,TECHNICAL/INSTITUTIONAL REASONS,31
4,CULTURAL REASONS,32
4,RELIGIOUS REASONS,33
3,Alternative Dispute Resolution (adr) and Shari ̔a,36
3,Preliminary Conclusions,40
3,Notes,42
2,2 America Islam and the Problems of Liberal Democracy,48
3,Introduction,48
3,Islam in America: A Historical Summary,51
3,Growing Fears Concerning Islam,53
3,Legal Plurality and the Spread of Shari ̔a,55
3,American Legal Exceptionalism and Shari ̔a,57
3,Relevant Research on Muslims,58
3,Conclusion,60
3,Notes,62
2,3 Australia The Down-Under Approach and Reaction to Shari῾a: An Impasse in Post-Secularism?,66
3,The Socio-Cultural Heterogeneity of Muslims and the Implication for Shari ̔a,66
3,Shari ̔a in Australia,68
3,The Relationship Between Shari ̔a and Australian Law,69
3,Australian Family Law and Islamic Arbitration,71
3,Recent Attempts to Bring Shari ̔a into the Public Sphere: Two Case Studies,72
4,CASE STUDY 1: AUSTRALIAN FEDERATION OF ISLAMIC COUNCILS (IKEBAL PATEL),72
4,CASE STUDY 2: DIVORCE IN AUSTRALIA: FROM AN ISLAMIC LAW PERSPECTIVE,73
3,The New Australian Conservative Modernity and Its Obstacles to Post-Secularism,74
3,Notes,77
2,4 United Kingdom An Early Discussion on Islamic Family Lawin the English Jurisdiction,80
3,Background,80
3,Seeking clarification,83
3,Issues and implications,88
3,The Discussion Continues,92
3,Notes,95
2,5 The Netherlands Applying Shari῾a to Family Law Issues in the Netherlands,98
3,Introduction,98
4,FORMAL APPLICATION OF SHARI ̔A,98
4,INFORMAL APPLICATION OF SHARI ̔A,99
3,Applying Shari ̔a Under the Dutch Legal System,100
4,PARTY AUTONOMY,100
4,THE FAVOUR-PRINCIPLE,101
4,EXPRESS PROVISIONS AND OPEN NORMS,101
4,FREEDOM OF RELIGION,102
3,The Use of Shari ̔a in Informal Social Settings and the Role of Human Rights,102
4,THE EXAMPLE OF THE ‘CHAINED WIFE’,103
3,Application of Shari ̔a: Politically Sensitive,105
3,Conclusion,107
3,Notes,108
2,6 Albania and Kosovo The Return of Islam in South East Europe: Debating Islam and Islamic Practices of Family Law in Albania and Kosovo,112
3,Introduction,112
3,Under the Gaze of Europe,113
3,Islamic Marriage and Divorce in Secular Albania,116
3,The Reflection of Europe,121
3,Notes,122
2,7 Greece Debate and Challenges,126
3,Introduction,126
3,"Geographical, Historical and Legal Overview",127
3,The Mufti and So-Called Neo-Milletism,130
3,Immigration and New Challenges,133
3,Notes,134
1,SECTION II LAW VERSUS CULTURE,140
2,8 Unregistered Islamic Marriages Anxieties about Sexuality and Islam in the Netherlands,142
3,Introduction,142
3,Muslim Majority Countries: Towards the Registration of Marriages,143
4,UNREGISTERED MARRIAGES: NEW VARIATIONS,145
3,‘Islamic Marriages’ in the Netherlands: Gender and Securitization,149
4,DUTCH ISLAMIC MARRIAGES IN PRACTICE: MULTIPLE MOTIVATIONS AND MEANINGS,152
4,OBSTACLES TO CONCLUDING A CIVIL MARRIAGE,154
4,OPTING FOR AN ISLAMIC MARRIAGE,155
4,ACTIVELY DESIRING AN ISLAMIC MARRIAGE,157
4,TEMPORARY SHIA MARRIAGES,158
3,Conclusion,159
3,Notes,161
2,9 Understanding and Use of Islamic Family Law Rules in German Courts The Example of the Mahr,166
3,Introduction,166
3,Function of the Mahr,167
4,IMMATERIAL FUNCTIONS,167
4,MATERIAL FUNCTIONS,168
3,The Mahr in the Classical Works of the Fuqaha’,168
3,Evaluation of the Mahr,168
4,THE MAHR AS A COUNTER VALUE FOR MARITAL COHABITATION?,169
4,THE MAHR AS AN ECONOMIC FACTOR,170
3,German Case Law,172
4,DECISION OF THE SUPREME COURT OF 28 JANUARY 1987,172
4,DECISION OF THE SUPREME COURT OF 14 OCTOBER 1998,173
4,DECISION OF THE SUPREME COURT OF 9 DECEMBER 2009,174
3,Evaluation of the Cases,176
4,THE ARGUMENTS OF THE PARTIES,176
4,THE ARGMENTS OF THE SUPREME COURT,178
3,Testing the Mahr in German Family Law Categories,178
4,CAN THE MAHR BE INTERPRETED AS AN AGREEMENT ON MAINTENANCE?,179
4,CAN THE MAHR BE INTERPRETED AS AN AGREEMENT IN THE MATRIMONIAL PROPERTY REGIME?,179
3,Evaluation and Conclusion,180
3,Notes,182
2,10 A Language of Hybridity Honour and Otherness in Canadian Law and Shari῾a,190
3,Introduction,190
3,"Law, a Language of Hybridity?",191
3,Familiar Facts from West to East,192
4,THE OTHER WITHIN: (DIS)HONOUR IN CANADIAN LAW,192
4,FAMILIARITY OF THE OTHER: PERSPECTIVES FROM JORDAN,194
3,Fear and Marginalization of the ‘Other’ in Canadian Society,195
3,Conclusion,197
3,Notes,199
1,SECTION III THE NEED FOR ACCOMODATION,206
2,11 Accommodating Islamic Family Law(s) A Critical Analysis of Some Recent Developments and Experiments in Europe,208
3,Introduction,208
3,Limits to Private International Law in the Face of the Changing Demographic Profile of Europe,208
3,The Close Connection Between Law and Religion in Islam,212
3,Future Perspectives: Three Alternatives,214
4,INCORPORATING RELIGIOUS RULES INTO CIVIL LAW: THE EXAMPLE OF THE MARRIAGE CONTRACT,214
4,THE AUTONOMY OF THE WILL IN FAMILY MATTERS,218
4,RECOURSE TO RELIGIOUS ARBITRATION FOR CERTAIN FAMILY DISPUTES,219
3,Notes,222
2,12 Religion, Gender, and Family Law Critical Perspectives on Integration for Western Muslims,228
3,Introduction,228
4,DEBATES ON INTEGRATION,229
3,Continuity and Change in Muslim Notions of Family Rights and Responsibilities,231
3,Getting Married: Recommendations for Western Muslims,234
3,Conclusion,238
3,Notes,239
2,13 Reflections on the Development of the Discourse of Fiqh for Minorities and Some of the Challenges it Faces,242
3,Defining Fiqh for Minorities,242
3,Muslim Residence in Non-Muslim Territory in the Prophetic Period,243
3,Muslim Residence in Non-Muslim Territory Under Classical Islamic law,244
3,Dar al-Islam and Dar al-kufr,244
3,Development of the Discourse on Fiqh for Minorities,245
3,The Modern Discourse of Fiqh for Minorities,246
3,Advantages of a Separate Branch of Fiqh for Minorities,247
3,Towards a More Principled Approach?,249
4,EXAMPLE 1: A MUSLIM WOMAN'S MARRIAGE TO A NON-MUSLIM,250
4,EXAMPLE 2: INTEREST-BASED MORTGAGES,252
3,Concluding Remarks,253
3,Notes,254
1,Bibliography,258
1,About The Authors,282
1,INDEX,286