diff --git a/scripts/lib_build_antithesis_images.sh b/scripts/lib_build_antithesis_images.sh
index 0ab36a0bcdf3..bb7640807944 100644
--- a/scripts/lib_build_antithesis_images.sh
+++ b/scripts/lib_build_antithesis_images.sh
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ function build_antithesis_builder_image {
   local image_name=$2
   local avalanchego_path=$3
   local target_path=$4
+  local module_path=${5:-}
 
   local base_dockerfile="${avalanchego_path}/tests/antithesis/Dockerfile"
   local builder_dockerfile="${base_dockerfile}.builder-instrumented"
@@ -25,7 +26,14 @@ function build_antithesis_builder_image {
     builder_dockerfile="${base_dockerfile}.builder-uninstrumented"
   fi
 
-  docker buildx build --build-arg GO_VERSION="${go_version}" -t "${image_name}" -f "${builder_dockerfile}" "${target_path}"
+  BUILD_ARGS="--build-arg GO_VERSION=${go_version}"
+  if [[ -n "${module_path}" ]]; then
+    # Only set the module path if it is provided
+    BUILD_ARGS="${BUILD_ARGS} --build-arg MODULE_PATH=${module_path}"
+  fi
+
+  # shellcheck disable=SC2086
+  docker buildx build ${BUILD_ARGS} -t "${image_name}" -f "${builder_dockerfile}" "${target_path}"
 }
 
 # Build the antithesis node, workload, and config images.
diff --git a/tests/antithesis/Dockerfile.builder-instrumented b/tests/antithesis/Dockerfile.builder-instrumented
index f9e4b2d054e1..e49db5948219 100644
--- a/tests/antithesis/Dockerfile.builder-instrumented
+++ b/tests/antithesis/Dockerfile.builder-instrumented
@@ -9,14 +9,19 @@ FROM docker.io/antithesishq/go-instrumentor AS instrumentor
 FROM golang:$GO_VERSION-bullseye
 
 WORKDIR /build
-# Copy and download dependencies using go mod
-COPY go.mod .
-COPY go.sum .
-RUN go mod download
 
 # Copy the code into the container
 COPY . .
 
+# Providing a non-empty MODULE_PATH supports the case where the target module is
+# not at the root of the repo but its go.mod references other modules in the repo
+# (including the root).
+ARG MODULE_PATH=.
+
+# Download dependencies for the specified go module if a path was provided,
+# otherwise download dependencies for the current directory.
+RUN cd $MODULE_PATH && go mod download
+
 # Ensure pre-existing builds are not available for inclusion in the final image
 RUN [ -d ./build ] && rm -rf ./build/* || true
 
@@ -38,7 +43,7 @@ RUN cp -r .git /opt/tmp/
 RUN /opt/antithesis/bin/goinstrumentor \
     -stderrthreshold=INFO \
     -antithesis /opt/antithesis/instrumentation \
-    . \
+    $MODULE_PATH \
     /instrumented
 
 WORKDIR /instrumented/customer
diff --git a/tests/antithesis/Dockerfile.builder-uninstrumented b/tests/antithesis/Dockerfile.builder-uninstrumented
index 4ff06603d96c..0bf1321fe54a 100644
--- a/tests/antithesis/Dockerfile.builder-uninstrumented
+++ b/tests/antithesis/Dockerfile.builder-uninstrumented
@@ -5,13 +5,18 @@ ARG GO_VERSION
 FROM golang:$GO_VERSION-bullseye
 
 WORKDIR /build
-# Copy and download dependencies using go mod
-COPY go.mod .
-COPY go.sum .
-RUN go mod download
 
 # Copy the code into the container
 COPY . .
 
+# Providing a non-empty MODULE_PATH supports the case where the target module is
+# not at the root of the repo but its go.mod references other modules in the repo
+# (including the root).
+ARG MODULE_PATH=.
+
+# Download dependencies for the specified go module if a path was provided,
+# otherwise download dependencies for the current directory.
+RUN cd $MODULE_PATH && go mod download
+
 # Ensure pre-existing builds are not available for inclusion in the final image
 RUN [ -d ./build ] && rm -rf ./build/* || true