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_20220602.kt
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@file:Suppress("DuplicatedCode", "ClassName")
package _2022._06
import utils.assertEqualTo
import utils.assertEqualToAny
import utils.assertThat
import utils.contentEquals
import utils.runTimedTests
import java.util.*
import kotlin.collections.ArrayList
import kotlin.collections.HashMap
fun main() {
// Leetcode_5.test()
Leetcode_15.test()
}
private interface Leetcode_5 {
fun longestPalindrome(s: String): String
companion object {
fun test() = listOf(
S0()::longestPalindrome,
S1()::longestPalindrome
).runTimedTests {
invoke("babad").assertEqualToAny("bab", "aba")
invoke("cbbd").assertEqualTo("bb")
}
// fun test() {
// S1().longestPalindrome("babad").assertEqual("bab", "aba")
// S1().longestPalindrome("cbbd").assertEqual("bb")
// }
}
// https://leetcode.com/submissions/detail/712753476/
// Runtime: 352 ms, faster than 70.66% of Kotlin online submissions for Longest Palindromic Substring.
// Memory Usage: 36.9 MB, less than 81.93% of Kotlin online submissions for Longest Palindromic
private class S1 : Leetcode_5 {
private fun submit(i: Int, j: Int, result: IntArray) {
if ((j - i) > (result[1] - result[0])) {
result[0] = i
result[1] = j
}
}
private fun check(s: String, i: Int, j: Int, result: IntArray) {
val size = s.length
var i = i
var j = j
while(i >= 0 && j < size && s[i] == s[j]){
submit(i, j, result)
i--
j++
}
}
override fun longestPalindrome(s: String): String {
val results = intArrayOf(-1, -2)
for (i in s.indices) {
check(s, i, i, results)
check(s, i, i + 1, results)
}
return s.substring(results[0], results[1] + 1)
}
}
// sample 203 ms submission
private class S0 : Leetcode_5 {
override fun longestPalindrome(s: String): String {
var length = s.length
var start = 0
var maxLength = 1
// Iterate through each substring
for (i in 0..s.length) {
var right = i
// Find all similar characters
while (right < length && s[i] == s[right]) {
right += 1
}
// s[i] to s[right - 1] are same characters
// Expand outwards to find longest palindrome
var left = i - 1
while (left >= 0 && right < length && s[left] == s[right]) {
left -= 1
right += 1
}
// s[left + 1] to s[right - 1] is palindrome
// Length is difference between right/left inclusive
val subLength = right - left - 1
if (subLength > maxLength) {
maxLength = subLength
start = left + 1
}
}
return s.substring(start, start + maxLength)
}
}
}
// https://leetcode.com/problems/3sum/
private interface Leetcode_15 {
fun threeSum(nums: IntArray): List<List<Int>>
companion object {
fun test() {
listOf(
My1()::threeSum,
My2()::threeSum,
My3()::threeSum,
Sample0()::threeSum,
// My4()::threeSum, // TODO: not working
).runTimedTests {
invoke(intArrayOf(-1,0,1,2,-1,-4)).assertThat(
{"Assertion failed, actual:$it, expected: [[-1,-1,2],[-1,0,1]]"}
) {
size == 2 && all {
it.contentEquals(listOf(-1,-1,2), true) || it.contentEquals(listOf(-1,0,1), true)
} && all { it.size == 3 && it.sum() == 0 }
}
// invoke(intArrayOf(-4,-2,-2,-2,0,1,2,2,2,3,3,4,4,6,6)).assertThat {
// size == 6 && all { it.size == 3 && it.sum() == 0 }
// }
// invoke(intArrayOf(-1,0,1,2,-1,-4)).assertThat {
// size == 2 && all { it.size == 3 && it.sum() == 0 }
// }
// invoke(intArrayOf(0,3,0,1,1,-1,-5,-5,3,-3,-3,0)).assertThat {
// size == 3 && all { it.size == 3 && it.sum() == 0 }
// }
// invoke(intArrayOf(0)).assertEqual(emptyList())
// invoke(intArrayOf(0, 0, 0)).assertEqual(listOf(listOf(0,0,0)))
// invoke(intArrayOf(0, 1, -1)).assertThat {
// size == 1 && get(0).contentEquals(listOf(0, -1, 1), true)
// }
// invoke(intArrayOf(-1, -1, -1, -1, 2)).assertThat {
// size == 1 && get(0).contentEquals(listOf(-1, -1, 2), true)
// }
//
// val output = intArrayOf(
// 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// ).let { invoke(it) }
}
}
}
/**
* This solution uses [_util.contentEquals] therefore it is not very efficient
*/
private class My1 : Leetcode_15 {
override fun threeSum(nums: IntArray): List<List<Int>> {
if (nums.size <= 2) return emptyList()
val list = mutableListOf<MutableList<Int>>()
for (i in 0 until nums.size - 2) {
for (j in i + 1 until nums.size - 1) {
for (k in j + 1 until nums.size) {
val a = nums[i]
val b = nums[j]
val c = nums[k]
if (a + b + c == 0) {
val add = mutableListOf(a, b, c)
if (!list.any { it.contentEquals(add, true) }) {
list.add(add)
}
}
}
}
}
return list
}
}
private class My2 : Leetcode_15 {
private fun checkEqual(first: List<Int>, second: List<Int>, buffer: Array<Int?>) : Boolean {
if (first == second) return true
if (first.size != second.size) return false
if (first.size > buffer.size) throw Exception("buffer size is ${buffer.size}, does not match passed in list size: ${first.size}")
for (i in first.indices) {
buffer[i] = first[i]
}
for (v in second) {
val index = buffer.indexOfFirst { it == v }
if (index == -1) return false
buffer[index] = null
}
for (i in first.indices) {
if (buffer[i] != null) return false
}
return true
}
override fun threeSum(nums: IntArray): List<List<Int>> {
if (nums.size <= 2) return emptyList()
val list = mutableListOf<MutableList<Int>>()
val buffer = Array<Int?>(3) { null }
for (i in 0 until nums.size - 2) {
for (j in i + 1 until nums.size - 1) {
for (k in j + 1 until nums.size) {
val a = nums[i]
val b = nums[j]
val c = nums[k]
if (a + b + c == 0) {
val add = mutableListOf(a, b, c)
if (!list.any { checkEqual(it, add, buffer) }) {
list.add(add)
}
}
}
}
}
return list
}
}
/**
* Two pointers
* */
private class My3 : Leetcode_15 {
override fun threeSum(nums: IntArray): List<List<Int>> {
if (nums.size < 3) return emptyList()
if (nums.size == 3) {
return if (nums.sum() == 0) listOf(nums.toList()) else emptyList()
}
val list = mutableListOf<List<Int>>()
val sorted = nums.sorted()
for (i in 0 until sorted.size - 2) {
val value = sorted[i]
// value is the smallest in the list since it's already sorted. no results will be found if it's already larger than 0
if (value > 0) return list
// de-duplicates
if (i > 0 && value == sorted[i - 1]) continue
var leftIndex = i + 1
var rightIndex = sorted.size - 1
while (leftIndex < rightIndex) {
when(val result = value + sorted[leftIndex] + sorted[rightIndex]) {
0 -> {
list.add(listOf(value, sorted[leftIndex], sorted[rightIndex]))
rightIndex--
leftIndex++
while (rightIndex > leftIndex && sorted[rightIndex] == sorted[rightIndex + 1]) {
rightIndex--
}
while (rightIndex > leftIndex && sorted[leftIndex] == sorted[leftIndex - 1]) {
leftIndex++
}
}
in Int.MIN_VALUE until 0 -> {
leftIndex++
// the following code is actually optional, it skips a few loops
// while (rightIndex > leftIndex && sorted[leftIndex] == sorted[leftIndex - 1]) {
// leftIndex++
// }
}
else -> {
rightIndex--
// optional, same reason as above
// while (rightIndex > leftIndex && sorted[rightIndex] == sorted[rightIndex + 1]) {
// rightIndex--
// }
}
}
}
}
return list
}
}
/**
* 1.
* So, we essentially need to find three numbers x, y, and z such that they add up to the given value. If we fix one of the numbers say x, we are left with the two-sum problem at hand!
* 2.
* For the two-sum problem, if we fix one of the numbers, say
* x
* , we have to scan the entire array to find the next number
* y
* which is
* value - x
* where value is the input parameter. Can we change our array somehow so that this search becomes faster?
* 3.
* The second train of thought for two-sum is, without changing the array, can we use additional space somehow? Like maybe a hash map to speed up the search?
*/
private class My4 : Leetcode_15 {
override fun threeSum(nums: IntArray): List<List<Int>> {
if (nums.size < 3) return emptyList()
if (nums.size == 3) {
return if (nums.sum() == 0) listOf(nums.toList()) else emptyList()
}
val map = HashMap<Int, MutableList<Pair<Int, Int>>>()
val list = mutableListOf<List<Int>>()
for (i in 0 until nums.size - 2) {
for (j in i until nums.size - 1) {
val value = -(nums[i] + nums[j])
map.getOrPut(value) {
mutableListOf(i to j)
}.apply {
if (!contains(i to j) && !contains(j to i)) {
add(i to j)
}
}
}
}
for (k in nums.indices) {
val value = nums[k]
map[value]?.forEach {
if (k != it.first && k != it.second) {
list.add(listOf(nums[it.first], nums[it.second], value))
}
}
}
return list
}
}
private class Sample0 : Leetcode_15 {
override fun threeSum(nums: IntArray): List<List<Int>> {
val sums: MutableList<List<Int>> = ArrayList()
if (nums.size < 3) return sums
Arrays.sort(nums)
for (i in nums.indices) {
if (nums[i] > 0) return sums
var left = i + 1
var right = nums.size - 1
if (i != 0 && nums[i] == nums[i - 1]) continue
while (left < right) {
val sum = nums[i] + nums[left] + nums[right]
if (sum == 0) {
sums.add(listOf(nums[i], nums[left], nums[right]))
left++
while (left < right && nums[left] == nums[left - 1]) left++
right--
while (left < right && nums[right] == nums[right + 1]) right--
} else if (sum < 0) {
left++
} else {
right--
}
}
}
return sums
}
}
}