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<time class="level-item has-text-grey" datetime="2019-04-11T12:48:53.000Z">2019-04-11</time>
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4 分钟 读完 (大约 640 个字)
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<h4 id="SpinalHDL开发"><a href="#SpinalHDL开发" class="headerlink" title="SpinalHDL开发"></a>SpinalHDL开发</h4><ul>
<li>2020-07-30: <a href="/spinal/spinal9.html">SpinalHDL(九):不变应万变-Mem接口适配</a> </li>
<li>2020-05-16: <a href="/spinal/spinal8.html">SpinalHDL(八):开发仿真测试一条龙</a> </li>
<li>2020-01-25: <a href="/spinal/spinal-single-object.html">Scala单例模式的几个有趣的应用</a> </li>
<li>2020-01-01: <a href="/spinal/spinal-bootcamp.html">Spinal-BootCamp</a> </li>
<li>2020-12-05: <a href="/spinal/spinal7.html">SpinalHDL(七):逢山开路-寄存器接口</a> </li>
<li>2019-11-14: <a href="/spinal/spinal6.html">SpinalHDL(六):定点化-饱和截位</a> </li>
<li>2019-11-04: <a href="/spinal/spinal5.html">SpinalHDL(五):时钟和时钟域</a> </li>
<li>2019-10-31: <a href="/spinal/spinal4.html">SpinalHDL(四):一窥总线四两拨千斤</a> </li>
<li>2019-10-22: <a href="/spinal/spinal3.html">SpinalHDL(三):一行代码生成SOC</a> </li>
<li>2019-10-20: <a href="/spinal/spinal1.html">SpinalHDL(一):此CHISEL非彼Chisel</a> </li>
<li>2019-10-28: <a href="/spinalhdl/spinalhdl-ppt.html">SpinalHDL参数化设计</a> </li>
</ul>
<h4 id="Lambda演算python实现"><a href="#Lambda演算python实现" class="headerlink" title="Lambda演算python实现"></a>Lambda演算python实现</h4><ul>
<li>2019-04-19: <a href="/sicp/lambda_02_number.html">lambda演算python实现.(二)之数字和运算</a></li>
<li>2019-04-19: <a href="/sicp/lambda_03_bool_branch.html">lambda演算python实现.(三)之Bool值和逻辑运算</a></li>
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<h4 id="函数式编程"><a href="#函数式编程" class="headerlink" title="函数式编程"></a>函数式编程</h4><ul>
<li>2019-10-25: <a href="/sicp/20191025_the-root-of-lisp.html">Lisp之根</a></li>
<li>2019-04-29: <a href="/sicp/20190429_cps.html">CPS变化/尾调用/尾递归</a></li>
<li>2019-04-21: <a href="/sicp/whyfp.html">为什么要FP</a></li>
<li>2019-04-11: <a href="/sicp/python-fp.html">Python lambda Y组合子(Y算子)实现</a></li>
</ul>
<h4 id="Scala-笔记"><a href="#Scala-笔记" class="headerlink" title="Scala 笔记"></a>Scala 笔记</h4><ul>
<li>2019-03-08: <a href="/scala/20190308_scala_main.html">SCALA 程序初探.一(main函数)</a></li>
<li>2019-03-08: <a href="/scala/20190308_scala_package.html">SCALA 程序初探.二(package组织方式)</a></li>
<li>2019-03-08: <a href="/scala/20190308_scala_sbt1.html">SCALA 程序初探.三(sbt组织scala代码1)</a></li>
<li>2019-03-08: <a href="/scala/20190308_scala_sbt2.html">SCALA 程序初探.四(sbt组织scala代码2)</a></li>
<li>2019-11-21: <a href="/scala/20191121_scala3_Tasty.html">Scala3 Macro系统Tasty进展</a></li>
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<h4 id="RISCV-开发调试"><a href="#RISCV-开发调试" class="headerlink" title="RISCV 开发调试"></a>RISCV 开发调试</h4><ul>
<li>2018-11-28: <a href="/riscv/20181130_idea_scala_config.html">IDEA scala chisel环境配置</a></li>
<li>2018-11-28: <a href="/riscv/20181128_makefile_acc.html">Makefile使用笔记</a></li>
<li>2018-11-27: <a href="/riscv/20181127_riscv_link.html">RISC-V 编译链接脚本</a></li>
<li>2018-11-20: <a href="/riscv/20181120_riscv_c_dev_setp.html">RISC-V C代码编译调试笔记</a></li>
<li>2018-11-16: <a href="/riscv/20181116_RISCV_inst_test.html">RISC-V 汇编指令调试、立即数浅尝</a></li>
<li>2018-11-15: <a href="/riscv/20181221_riscv_verctor.html">RISCV-Vector介绍</a></li>
<li>2019-04-28: <a href="/riscv/20190428_function_call.html">C函数调用汇编代码分析</a></li>
</ul>
<h4 id="Chisel-笔记"><a href="#Chisel-笔记" class="headerlink" title="Chisel 笔记"></a>Chisel 笔记</h4><ul>
<li>2018-12-05: <a href="/chisel/20181205_chisel_learning.html">Chisel 示例问题汇总</a></li>
<li>2019-03-21: <a href="/chisel/20190321_chisel_comb_reg.html">chisel 组合逻辑，时序逻辑写法</a></li>
<li>2019-04-01: <a href="/chisel/20190401_chisel_keep_name.html">chisel Keep变量名</a></li>
<li>2019-04-11: <a href="/chisel/20190411_chisel_version.html">chisel 版本问题</a></li>
<li>2019-03-20: <a href="/chisel/20190320_verilog_case_ifelse.html">Chisel-Verilog 查找表优先级问题讨论</a></li>
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<h4 id="EDA工具"><a href="#EDA工具" class="headerlink" title="EDA工具"></a>EDA工具</h4><ul>
<li><a href="/eda/how_to_send_param2tb">如何从shell中传递变量给verilog文件</a></li>
<li><a href="/eda/eda_option">EDA仿真环境Makefile配置(vcs,verdi)</a></li>
<li><a href="/eda/timing_analysis">时序分析回顾</a></li>
<li><a href="/chisel/20190322_chisel_module_confilict">Moudle名冲突解决办法</a></li>
<li><a href="/eda/verilog_simu_0delay.html">仿真不打拍</a></li>
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<h4 id="通信"><a href="#通信" class="headerlink" title="通信"></a>通信</h4><ul>
<li><a href="/tech_acc/rv_verctor">AGC调整</a></li>
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<h4 id="想法"><a href="#想法" class="headerlink" title="想法"></a>想法</h4><ul>
<li><a href="/thought/why-simple-so-complex.html">为什么“简单”如此复杂</a> </li>
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<h4 id="其他"><a href="#其他" class="headerlink" title="其他"></a>其他</h4><ul>
<li><a href="/others/terminal_FAQ.html">Terminal Shell 常见配置问题</a></li>
<li><a href="/others/RISCV_notes_todo.html">RISCV ISA todo list</a></li>
<li><a href="/others/markdown_guid.html">Markdown 使用手册</a></li>
<li><a href="/others/crystals-pll-vco.html">晶振,PLL,VCO初识</a></li>
<li><a href="/others/lsb_hsb.html">计算机大小端详解</a></li>
<li><a href="/sicp/ipc_msg_communication.html">进程通信，消息队列</a> </li>
<li><a href="/others/revealjs2pdf.html">revealjs导出PDF</a></li>
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<time class="level-item has-text-grey" datetime="2020-07-29T16:00:00.000Z">2020-07-30</time>
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<a class="has-link-grey -link" href="/categories/spinal/">spinal</a>
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14 分钟 读完 (大约 2084 个字)
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<a class="has-link-black-ter" href="/spinal/spinal9.html">SpinalHDL(九):不变应万变-MemWrap适配</a>
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<p>对于IC开发工程师我们可能都有这样的痛苦经历，经常需要手动为不同工艺库替换Mem。有些团队的MemWrapper可能是有专门的脚本来生成，内部会用宏来区分不同工艺，相对来说还比较省事一点，即便这样MemWrpper的集成也是需要你手动连线。但是如果你是IP提供商，不同的团队或者公司的MemWrapper的信号命名也各不相同。同样替换Mem是一件极其无聊并且容易出错的事情。</p>
<p><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-7442a8cd6e06ef578fcdaa73d9806254_720w.jpg" alt="1"></p>
<p>另外我发现SpinalHDL自带的mem类型并不适合直接拿来做例化，所以需要为此创建一个新的解决方案来满足IC设计中这种常见的需求。spinal的mem模型我会放到Blackbox内部做为行为模型，这样在仿真的时候你可以clearBox来使用mem参考模型来仿真，不需要真正的去包含一个memwrap.v文件，这样在前期设计中非常方便。</p>
<p>因此对于设计者来讲，我本来只需要关心这地方例化的Mem类型（双口，真双口，单口），数据位宽，mem深度即可。除此之外工艺相关的事情对设计者应该是透明的。</p>
<p>可以总结为两点诉求</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>MemWrap替换不应修改HDL代码， 对开发者透明</strong></li>
<li><strong>添加新的Vendor memWrap不应修改Spinal源码，保持前向兼容</strong></li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://picb.zhimg.com/80/v2-e13bfaaac29a1ff083355331cda982fa_720w.jpg" alt="2"></p>
<p>因此，对于开发者来讲，只需要知道统一的RAM例化接口，为此为Spinal设计常见的3种MEM类型.<br></p>
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<p>鉴于被chisel的peek poke test愚弄以后，我一度对Scala上的仿真环境不是特别有信心，当看到spinal.sim的时候觉得可能只是一个能work的demo而已，并没有足够重视。</p>
<p>我用Spinal开发的前几个模块依然走的传统的验证流程，先生成Verilog，然后再用scala生成激励，最后打包丢到Linux服务器上, 用Verilog/SV编写tesbech， 搭建测试比对环境，仿真工具不是VCS就是NcSim这些老牌商业软件。</p>
<p>直到一个偶然的机会，有一些很零碎的模块需要测试，不想再为此搭建一整套仿真环境，我想干脆用spinal.sim 简单做个测试，不测不知道，一测一发不可收拾。</p>
<p><strong>SpinalHDL就是这样的汉子，一次又一次的轻视它，但它又不时的给你惊喜。</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>不同于iotest的peak poke， 它的后台是verilator, verilator非常强大，性能比起商业软件VCS、NC毫不逊色。</li>
<li>spinal.sim 通过包装verilator提供的VPI，能够很方便灵活，实时的跟dut交互通信, 加上Scala本身语言的灵活性，它能做的不比UVM少。</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>今年chisel貌似后知后觉的回过神了，摒弃iotest，重新设计iotester2, iotester2和spinal.sim的思路很类似了, 后台是verilator, 有兴趣的可以自己试试</p>
</blockquote>
<p>接下来我主要借助通信基带的两个模块来介绍一些如何使用SpinalHDL进行仿真测试，以及如何构建组织管理回归你的测试CASE。</p>
<p>对于spinal.sim的基础操作和使用请浏览官方文档Spinal-sim，这里不再赘述。<br></p>
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<h3 id="Maven-仓库timeOut-问题"><a href="#Maven-仓库timeOut-问题" class="headerlink" title="Maven 仓库timeOut 问题"></a>Maven 仓库timeOut 问题</h3><h4 id="Scala-工程打包发布依赖"><a href="#Scala-工程打包发布依赖" class="headerlink" title="Scala 工程打包发布依赖"></a>Scala 工程打包发布依赖</h4><p>repo1.maven.org\maven2\org\scalaz\scalaz-core_2.12\7.2.14<br></p>
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<h3 id="一-进度条"><a href="#一-进度条" class="headerlink" title="一 进度条"></a>一 进度条</h3><p>有时候我们在编写代码时希望能够查看运行时间，最简单的方法：</p>
<figure class="highlight scala hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">main</span></span>(args: <span class="hljs-type">Array</span>[<span class="hljs-type">String</span>]) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> startTime: <span class="hljs-type">Long</span> = <span class="hljs-type">System</span>.currentTimeMillis</span><br><span class="line"> 待测试的代码块</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> endTime: <span class="hljs-type">Long</span> = <span class="hljs-type">System</span>.currentTimeMillis</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="hljs-type">System</span>.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">"程序运行时间： "</span> + (endTime - startTime) + <span class="hljs-string">"ms"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>但这个方法显然不是那么优雅。如果你在使用Scala的时候注意运行log，你会发下进度条更漂亮直观的。</p>
<figure class="highlight shell hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[Runtime] SpinalHDL v1.3.9 git head : a4cb4aadf0820174c1b48023bfcd3e9981de1d4a</span><br><span class="line">[Runtime] JVM max memory : 1820.5MiB</span><br><span class="line">[Runtime] Current date : 2020.01.23 10:44:55</span><br><span class="line">[Progress] at 0.000 : Elaborate components</span><br><span class="line">[Progress] at 0.513 : Checks and transforms</span><br><span class="line">[Progress] at 0.705 : Generate Verilog</span><br><span class="line">[Done] at 0.806</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>实现非常简单，首先得创建一个单例对象，单例对象一旦被实例化以后，startTime就会确定，不管Driver后面被调用多少次只会用到第一次被实例化的对象，startTime也不会改变。</p>
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<h2 id="Verilator-install-on-Windows"><a href="#Verilator-install-on-Windows" class="headerlink" title="Verilator install on Windows"></a>Verilator install on Windows</h2><h3 id="Step1-install-MSYS32"><a href="#Step1-install-MSYS32" class="headerlink" title="Step1 : install MSYS32"></a>Step1 : install MSYS32</h3><p>到官网<a href="https://www.msys2.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.msys2.org/</a> 下载最近安装文件 msys2-x86_64-20190524.exe</p>
<p>运行安装到<code>d:/msys64</code>,安装完毕后打开 mingw64.exe</p>
<p>在命令行输入 <code>pacman -Suyy</code></p>
<p>如果遇到以下异常<br><figure class="highlight plain hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># pacman -Syuu</span><br><span class="line">错误：无法初始化事务处理 (无法锁定数据库)</span><br><span class="line">错误：无法锁定数据库：File exists</span><br><span class="line"> 如果你确认软件包管理器没有在运行，</span><br><span class="line"> 你可以删除 /var/lib/pacman/db.lck。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>解决办法，删掉之前的文件： /var/lib/pacman/db.lck<br>出现错误的原因是，之前同步的时候，由于异常中断，导致之前进程锁文件未被释放。</p>
<h3 id="Step2-Change-mirrors-for-China-user"><a href="#Step2-Change-mirrors-for-China-user" class="headerlink" title="Step2 Change mirrors for China user"></a>Step2 Change mirrors for China user</h3><p>如果更新库很慢导致失败<br><figure class="highlight plain hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># pacman -Syuu</span><br><span class="line">:: 正在同步软件包数据库...</span><br><span class="line">错误：无法从 repo.msys2.org : Operation too slow. Less than 1 bytes/sec transferred the last 10 seconds 获取文件 'mingw32.db'] 49%</span><br><span class="line">错误：无法从 sourceforge.net : Operation too slow. Less than 1 bytes/sec transferred the last 10 seconds 获取文件 'mingw32.db' 3%</span><br><span class="line">错误：无法从 www2.futureware.at : Operation too slow. Less than 1 bytes/sec transferred the last 10 seconds 获取文件 'mingw32.db'7%</span><br><span class="line">错误：无法从 mirror.yandex.ru : Operation too slow. Less than 1 bytes/sec transferred the last 10 seconds 获取文件 'mingw32.db' 10%</span><br><span class="line">错误：无法升级 mingw32 (下载数据库出错)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>请更新 <a href="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/msys2/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">清华镜像</a></p>
<p>编辑 /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.mingw32 ，在文件开头添加：<br><figure class="highlight shell hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/msys2/mingw/i686</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>编辑 /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.mingw64 ，在文件开头添加：<br><figure class="highlight shell hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/msys2/mingw/x86_64</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>编辑 /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.msys ，在文件开头添加：<br><figure class="highlight shell hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/msys2/msys/$arch</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>然后执行 <code>pacman -Sy</code> 刷新软件包数据即可。</p>
<h3 id="Step3-Install-Verilator"><a href="#Step3-Install-Verilator" class="headerlink" title="Step3: Install Verilator"></a>Step3: Install Verilator</h3><figure class="highlight shell hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">pacman -Syuu</span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="hljs-bash">Close the MSYS2 shell once you<span class="hljs-string">'re asked to</span></span></span><br><span class="line">pacman -Syuu</span><br><span class="line">pacman -S --needed base-devel mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain \</span><br><span class="line"> git flex\</span><br><span class="line"> mingw-w64-x86_64-cmake</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight shell hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">pacman -S mingw-w64-x86_64-verilator</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="Step4-Add-to-ENV"><a href="#Step4-Add-to-ENV" class="headerlink" title="Step4: Add to ENV"></a>Step4: Add to ENV</h3><p>Add <code>D:\msys64\usr\bin;D:\msys64\mingw64\bin</code> to you windows PATH</p>
<h3 id="Step4-Spinal-simulation-by-verialtor"><a href="#Step4-Spinal-simulation-by-verialtor" class="headerlink" title="Step4: Spinal simulation by verialtor"></a>Step4: Spinal simulation by verialtor</h3><figure class="highlight shell hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[Progress] Verilator compilation started</span><br><span class="line">VDFT2Cell.mk:67: /mingw64/share/verilator/include/verilated.mk: No such file or directory</span><br><span class="line">make: *** No rule to make target '/mingw64/share/verilator/include/verilated.mk'. Stop.</span><br><span class="line">Exception in thread "main" java.lang.AssertionError: assertion failed: Verilator C++ model compilation failed</span><br><span class="line"> at scala.Predef$.assert(Predef.scala:170)</span><br><span class="line"> at spinal.sim.VerilatorBackend.compileVerilator(VerilatorBackend.scala:376)</span><br><span class="line"> at spinal.sim.VerilatorBackend.<init>(VerilatorBackend.scala:429)</span><br><span class="line"> at spinal.core.sim.SpinalVerilatorBackend$.apply(SimBootstraps.scala:120)</span><br><span class="line"> at spinal.core.sim.SpinalSimConfig.compile(SimBootstraps.scala:400)</span><br><span class="line"> at spinal.core.sim.SpinalSimConfig.compile(SimBootstraps.scala:364)</span><br><span class="line"> at FFT.DFT2CellTest$.main(FFTsim.scala:27)</span><br><span class="line"> at FFT.DFT2CellTest.main(FFTsim.scala)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>显示verilated.mk路径找不到，我忍为应该是VERILATOR_ROOT目录设置有误， 查找verilated.mk的目录所在地，<br>然后在windows Env 中添加系统变量 <code>VERILATOR_ROOT</code>= <code>/d/msys64/mingw64/share/verilator</code> </p>
<p>任然遇到问题<br><figure class="highlight plain hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++.exe: error: /d/msys64/mingw64/share/verilator/include/verilated.cpp: No such file or directory</span><br><span class="line">x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++.exe: fatal error: no input files</span><br><span class="line">compilation terminated.</span><br><span class="line">make: *** [/d/msys64/mingw64/share/verilator/include/verilated.mk:192: verilated.o] Error 1</span><br><span class="line">make: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....</span><br><span class="line">x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++.exe: error: /d/msys64/mingw64/share/verilator/include/verilated_vcd_c.cpp: No such file or directory</span><br><span class="line">x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++.exe: fatal error: no input files</span><br><span class="line">compilation terminated.</span><br><span class="line">Exception in thread "main" java.lang.AssertionError: assertion failed: Verilator C++ model compilation failed</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++.exe 不能访问/d/myss64/….，后来重新安装MSYS2到 C盘，并且将系统变量删除 <code>VERILATOR_ROOT</code></p>
<p>任然遇到问题：<br>检查环境变量Paht的值为<code>C:\Users\Administrator\.babun\cygwin\bin;D:\Program\emacs-26.2\bin;C:\Users\Administrator\.babun;C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm;%IntelliJ IDEA Community Edition%;C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Pandoc\;c:\msys64\usr\bin\;c:\msys64\mingw64\bin\</code> 发现很乱 ,删除一些不用的<br><code>D:\Program\emacs-26.2\bin;C:\Users\Administrator\.babun;C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Pandoc\;c:\msys64\usr\bin\;c:\msys64\mingw64\bin\;</code><br>更新PATH</p>
<p>重新开启Project , 运行Spinal-sim ，Wow 居然成了， 非常痛苦， 饶了一大圈，居然是PATH变量的问题。总算是解决了</p>
<h3 id="最后："><a href="#最后：" class="headerlink" title="最后："></a>最后：</h3><p>特别注意：</p>
<p>尽量把MSYS2安装到C盘 在环境变量Path末尾追加C:\msys64\usr\bin;C:\msys64\mingw64\bin</p>
<p>不要多此一举设置VERILATOR_ROOT， Spinal会默认识别到 /mingw64/share/verilator</p>
<p>如果运行不成功，请检查你的PATH，设置是不是非常杂乱，请删除不用的，尽量保持干净。</p>
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<h3 id="浮点数相加"><a href="#浮点数相加" class="headerlink" title="浮点数相加"></a>浮点数相加</h3><p>我们知道浮点数尽量避免不同量纲的数相加<br><figure class="highlight scala hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">> <span class="hljs-number">1023</span> + <span class="hljs-number">0.00000000000001</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">Double</span> = <span class="hljs-number">1023.0</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h3 id="浮点数除法"><a href="#浮点数除法" class="headerlink" title="浮点数除法"></a>浮点数除法</h3><p>不同量纲之间的除法也会得到不一样的结果<br><figure class="highlight scala hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">> <span class="hljs-number">1.023</span>/<span class="hljs-number">2.047</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">Double</span> = <span class="hljs-number">0.49975574010747426</span></span><br><span class="line">> <span class="hljs-number">1023.0</span>/<span class="hljs-number">2047.0</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">Double</span> = <span class="hljs-number">0.49975574010747437</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>因此对于有些应用可能引入意向不到的结果<br>比如<br><figure class="highlight scala hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">> <span class="hljs-number">1023.0</span>/<span class="hljs-number">2047.0</span>*<span class="hljs-number">2.047</span> == <span class="hljs-number">1.023</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">Boolean</span> = <span class="hljs-literal">false</span></span><br><span class="line">> <span class="hljs-number">1023.0</span>/<span class="hljs-number">2047.0</span>*<span class="hljs-number">2047</span> == <span class="hljs-number">1023</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">Boolean</span> = <span class="hljs-literal">true</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>避免不同量纲的数做加减法，还要注意不同量纲的数做乘除法带来的意外结果</p>
<h3 id="典型的例子"><a href="#典型的例子" class="headerlink" title="典型的例子"></a>典型的例子</h3><figure class="highlight plain hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">0.3 - 0.1</span><br><span class="line">floor( 0.3*10 - 0.1 *10 ) //2.0</span><br><span class="line">floor((0.3 - 0.1)*10 ) //1.0</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="Double-Eps-精度"><a href="#Double-Eps-精度" class="headerlink" title="Double Eps 精度"></a>Double Eps 精度</h2><figure class="highlight plain hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Float (B=2 / p=24): Eps = 2^(-24) = 5.9604644775390625E-8</span><br><span class="line">Double (B=2 / p=53): Eps = 2^(-53) = 1.1102230246251565E-16</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>也就是说计算机能表示的最小绝对值<br><figure class="highlight plain hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">0+1E-16 = E-16</span><br><span class="line">1+1E-16 = 1.0</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>他的精度跟指数位有关，总共E-16次方的误差范围，指数位占n位，那么误差就等与E(-16+n)<br><figure class="highlight plain hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">1000+1e-16= 1000.0</span><br><span class="line">1000+1e-15= 1000.0</span><br><span class="line">1000+1e-14= 1000.0</span><br><span class="line">1000+1e-13= 1000.0000000000001</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>只要指数位和分数位之和不要超过16，都可以表示<br><figure class="highlight plain hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">1E10+1E-6 = 1.0000000000000002E10 //能表示1E-6不能表示</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">1E10+1E-7 = 1.0E10 //误差1E-7不能表示</span><br><span class="line">1E8+1E-7 = 1.000000000000001E8 //指数位8，误差1E-7可以表示</span><br><span class="line">1000000 +1E-10 = 100000.0000000001 //可以表示1E-10</span><br><span class="line">10000000 +1E-10 = 10000000.0 //不能表示1E-10误差,指数位占了7</span><br><span class="line">1E18 + 13 = 1e18</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>所以你在用浮点计算的时候，要看数的量纲，量纲越大，Eps要设置的大一些, 否则就失去了意义</p>
<p><a href="https://github.com/scala/bug/issues/3791#issuecomment-292385589" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Scala EPS</a></p>
<p>所以在判断一个数是否为0是， 不能 <code>a == 0</code> 而是要 <code>abs(a) <= Eps</code> ,<br>同样在比较两个数是否相等时，不能 <code>a == b</code> 而是要 <code>abs(a - b) <= Eps</code></p>
<h2 id="BigDecimal"><a href="#BigDecimal" class="headerlink" title="BigDecimal"></a>BigDecimal</h2><p>Double的问题是精度有限<br><figure class="highlight plain hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">val a = 0.02</span><br><span class="line">val b = 0.03</span><br><span class="line">val c = b - a</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>c的结果不是0.01，而是c: Double = 0.009999999999999998<br>因此有些系统设计中不能用double，不如金融银行金额计算<br>为什么会这样呢? 因为float和double都是浮点数, 都有取值范围, 都有精度范围. 浮点数与通常使用的小数不同, 使用中, 往往难以确定.<br>常见的问题是定义了一个浮点数, 经过一系列的计算, 它本来应该等于某个确定值, 但实际上并不是!<br>double相减会转换成二进制，因double有效位数为 16位这就会出现存储小数位数不够的情况，这种情况下就会出现误差，解决方法就是使用BigDecimal，它的有效长度足够长可存储小数位数。<br>因此可代替double来进行加减乘除， 金额必须是完全精确的计算, 故不能使用double或者float, 而应该采用java.math.BigDecimal.<br><figure class="highlight plain hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">val a = BigDecimal(0.02)</span><br><span class="line">val b = BigDecimal(0.03)</span><br><span class="line">val c = b - a</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>c的结果得到0.01</p>
<figure class="highlight plain hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">val a = BigInt("1234567890123456").toLong</span><br><span class="line">val b = 0.001</span><br><span class="line">val c = a + b</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>c的值为1234567890123456，0.01丢失<br><figure class="highlight plain hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">val a = BigDecimal("1234567890123456")</span><br><span class="line">val b = BigDecimal(0.001)</span><br><span class="line">val c = a + b</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>c的值为1234567890123456.001，精度并不会丢失</p>
<p>BigDecimal(value), value可以用数字初始化，太大的值只能用字符串初始化如“123456789012345678”</p>
<figure class="highlight plain hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">val a = BigDecimal("1234567890123456001")</span><br><span class="line">val b = BigDecimal(0.1231)</span><br><span class="line">val c = a * b </span><br><span class="line">c.precision</span><br><span class="line">c.rounded</span><br><span class="line">c.scale</span><br><span class="line">c.pow(2)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plain hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">val c= BigDecimal("1234.5000")</span><br><span class="line">c.doubleValue</span><br><span class="line">c.round(new java.math.MathContext(4, java.math.RoundingMode.HALF_UP))</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<a class="has-link-black-ter" href="/spinal/spinal-bootcamp.html">Spinal-Bootcamp 在线新手教程</a>
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<p>最近花了点时间基于Jupyter-notebook做了一个SpinalHDL教程.<br>方便立即运行查看一个Spinal用法和对应生成的verilog代码，大多数例子来源于SpinalHDL的官方文档，也新增了一些实例和Scala的高级用法，这些可以帮助你理解SpinalHDL如何工作。</p>
<p>目前可以直接点击<a href="https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/jijingg/Spinal-bootcamp/binder" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="https://mybinder.org/badge_logo.svg" alt="Binder"></a>运行，国内访问Binder速度有点慢，也可以<br>clone到本地运行。</p>
<p>为什么做这个事情</p>
<ul>
<li>提供一个SpinalHDL的在线环境，方便测试功能用法，直接查看verilog，而不用新建工程</li>
<li>提供一个Scala的在线环境，方便你测试一些Scala的用法</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://github.com/jijingg/Spinal-bootcamp/raw/dev/source/jupyter.png" alt="spinal-bootcamp"></p>
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<p>目前大量存在手写寄存器接口的情况，对于几十个甚至几百个寄存器的IP，即便你有体力，也不能保证不犯错。<br><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-e64f024ce11ee749a67a662238c2ccfd_hd.png" alt="70"></p>
<h3 id="存在的问题"><a href="#存在的问题" class="headerlink" title="存在的问题"></a>存在的问题</h3><ul>
<li>纯体力活,工作量繁重</li>
<li>容易引入错误，增加验证工作量</li>
<li>文档和代码不同步，增加软件调试工作量</li>
</ul>
<p>在这类问题上耗费测试debug时间非常不值当，只要你手写寄存器必然会遇到这了问题，软件调了好半天，最后发现文档跟代码不一致，<br>人是懒惰的，谁能完全保证代码更文档能同步更新，也肯定会犯错的，所以只能通过验证和测试来覆盖，如果问题能够越早发现，成本越低</p>
<p>这里分享二张图：</p>
<p>一张是某软件产品在各个阶段bug的成本<br><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-079c46f56cc4b3f47ddea0a25b0ee9ae_hd.png" alt="71"></p>
<p>另外一张是IC开发各个阶段bug的成本<br><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-bdd64827d05a463690a4155bcf96f879_hd.png" alt="72"></p>
<p>所以尽可能的在前期解决问题，第一次把事情做对，就是节约成本。</p>
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<p>Scala3 重新设计Macro系统，这是官网<a href="https://www.scala-lang.org/blog/2018/04/30/in-a-nutshell.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">英文原文</a>。<br>翻译的很烂，全当学习笔记而已，仅供参考</p>
<h2 id="Or-Scala-in-a-Tasty-Nutshell"><a href="#Or-Scala-in-a-Tasty-Nutshell" class="headerlink" title="Or: Scala in a (Tasty) Nutshell"></a>Or: Scala in a (Tasty) Nutshell</h2><p>如何迁移到 <a href="https://www.scala-lang.org/blog/2018/04/19/scala-3.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Scala 3</a>这篇博文中提到最大的一个问题是关于宏的问题。<br>目前我们正在努力将Tasty和macros对齐，接下来谈一谈我们的想法.</p>
<h2 id="What-is-Tasty"><a href="#What-is-Tasty" class="headerlink" title="What is Tasty?"></a>What is Tasty?</h2><p>Tasty是Scala3的高级交换格式。它基于类型化的抽象语法树<br>这些树在某种意义上包含了Scala程序中的所有信息。<br>它们表示程序的语法结构，还包含有关类型和位置的完整信息.<br>Tasty在语法检查之后（这样所有的类型都显式的知道了，并且隐式的东西都已经解释过了）给代码做一个快照，<br>但是在快照之前不会经过任何转换，因此所有的信息都不会丢失。<br>放语法树的文件为了紧凑会压缩优化（有点像javascript的压缩），这意味着我们可以在任何编译器运行期间<br>生成完整的Tasty语法树，即便是单独编译也不依赖任何其他东西。<br></p>
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