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C++ Premier Plus


C++ Basics


Variables, Operators and Expressions


naming


logic operation


    
  
  • –i and i–.
    • 
  
  • logical and arithmetic shift.
    • 



scientific output expression


    
  
  • use “%10.1f” as format specifier.
    • 



GETTING STARTED


Learning C++: What Lies Before You


The Origins of C++: A Little History


Portability and Standards


The Mechanics of Creating a Program


SETTING OUT TO C++


C++ Initiation


C++ Statements


Comments


    
  
  • //
    • 
  
  • * *
    • 



More C++ Statements


Functions


DEALING WITH DATA


Simple Variables


Variables:


common variables names


int price_count_reader;    // No abbreviation.
int num_errors;            // "num" is a widespread convention.
int num_dns_connections;   // Most people know what "DNS" stands for.


Class Data Members


Data members of classes, both static and non-static, are named like ordinary nonmember variables, but with a trailing underscore.


class TableInfo {
  ...
 private:
  string table_name_;  // OK - underscore at end.
  string tablename_;   // OK.
  static Pool<TableInfo>* pool_;  // OK.
};


Constant Names


Variables declared constexpr or const, and whose value is fixed for the duration of the program, are named with a leading “k” followed by mixed case. For example:


const int kDaysInAWeek = 7;


Function Names


AddTableEntry()
DeleteUrl()
OpenFileOrDie()


File Names


    
  
  • my_useful_class.cc
    • 
  
  • my-useful-class.cc
    • 
  
  • myusefulclass.cc
    • 
  
  • myusefulclass_test.cc // _unittest and _regtest are deprecated.
    • 



The const Qualifier


Floating-Point Numbers


C++ Arithmetic Operators


COMPOUND TYPES


Introducing Arrays


Strings


Introducing the string Class


Introducing Structures


Unions


Enumerations


Pointers and the Free Store


Pointers, Arrays, and Pointer Arithmetic


swap value of two variables using pointers


#include <stdio.h>

void Swap(int* a, int* b)
{
	int temp;		//use the variable temp to store one value.
	temp = (*b);	//temp equals to content of pointer b
	(*b) = (*a);	//pointer b equals to content of pointer a
	(*a) = temp;	//content of pointer a equals to temp

}
int main()
{
	int i = 123, j = 456;
	int* x = &i;	//x points to i
	int* y = &j;	//y points to j
	printf("Before swapping: i = %d, j = %d\n",i , j);

	Swap(x, y);
	printf("After swapping: i = %d, j = %d\n",i , j);
return 0;
}


LOOPS AND RELATIONAL EXPRESSIONS


Introducing for Loops


Relational Expressions


The while Loop


The do while Loop


Loops and Text Input


Nested Loops and Two-Dimensional Arrays


BRANCHING STATEMENTS AND LOGICAL OPERATORS


The if Statement


Logical Expressions


The cctype Library of Character Functions


The ?: Operator


The switch Statement


The break and continue Statements


Number-Reading Loops


Simple File Input/Output


FUNCTIONS: C++’S PROGRAMMING MODULES


Function Review


Function Arguments and Passing by Value


Functions and Arrays


Functions and Two-Dimensional Arrays


Functions and C-Style Strings


Functions and Structures


Functions and string Class Objects


Recursion


Pointers to Functions


ADVENTURES IN FUNCTIONS


C++ Inline Functions


Reference Variables


Default Arguments


Function Overloading


Function Templates


MEMORY MODELS AND NAMESPACES


Separate Compilation


Storage Duration, Scope, and Linkage


The Placement new Operator


Namespaces


OBJECTS AND CLASSES


Procedural and Object-Oriented Programming


Abstraction and Classes


Class Constructors and Destructors


Knowing Your Objects: The this Pointer


An Array of Objects


The Interface and Implementation Revisited


Class Scope


Abstract Data Types


WORKING WITH CLASSES


Operator Overloading


Time on Our Hands: Developing an Operator Overloading Example


Introducing Friends


Overloaded Operators: Member Versus Nonmember Functions


More Overloading: A Vector Class


Automatic Conversions and Type Casts for Classes


CLASSES AND DYNAMIC MEMORY ALLOCATION


Dynamic Memory and Classes


A Queue Simulation


CLASS INHERITANCE


Beginning with a Simple Base Class


Inheritance: An Is-a Relationship


Polymorphic Public Inheritance


Access Control: protected


Abstract Base Classes


Inheritance and Dynamic Memory Allocation


Class Design Review


REUSING CODE IN C++


Classes with Object Members


Private Inheritance


Multiple Inheritance


Class Templates


FRIENDS, EXCEPTIONS, AND MORE


Friends


Nested Classes


Exceptions


RTTI


Type Cast Operators


THE string CLASS AND THE STANDARD TEMPLATE LIBRARY


The string Class


The auto_ptr Class


The STL


Generic Programming


Function Objects (aka Functors)


Algorithms


Other Libraries


INPUT, OUTPUT, AND FILES


An Overview of C++ Input and Output


Output with cout


Input with cin


File Input and Output


Incore Formatting


What Now?