From 962babf11358cea32675d0b2d0131a096fe04209 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nick Korostelev <nickkor@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 27 Nov 2024 15:27:24 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 01/17] Update python.md

---
 python.md | 340 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------
 1 file changed, 234 insertions(+), 106 deletions(-)

diff --git a/python.md b/python.md
index 9211ebc758..63e8cfc83e 100644
--- a/python.md
+++ b/python.md
@@ -3,118 +3,143 @@ title: Python
 category: Python
 ---
 
-### Tuples (immutable)
+### Tuples (Immutable)
 
 ```py
-tuple = ()
+t = ()  # Empty tuple
+t = (1, 2, 3)  # Tuple with elements
+t = (1,)  # Single-element tuple (comma is required)
+
+# Accessing elements
+t[0]  # First element
+t[-1]  # Last element
+
+# Methods
+len(t)  # Get the length
 ```
 
-### Lists (mutable)
+### Lists (Mutable)
 
 ```py
-list = []
-list[i:j]  # returns list subset
-list[-1]   # returns last element
-list[:-1]  # returns all but the last element
-*list      # expands all elements in place
+lst = []  # Empty list
+lst = [1, 2, 3]  # List with elements
+
+# Accessing and slicing
+lst[i:j]  # Sublist from index i to j-1
+lst[-1]  # Last element
+lst[:-1]  # All but the last element
+
+# Modifications
+lst[i] = value  # Set an element
+lst.append(value)  # Add to the end
+lst.insert(i, value)  # Insert at position i
+lst.extend(other)  # Add multiple elements
+lst.pop(i=-1)  # Remove and return element (default: last)
+lst.remove(value)  # Remove first occurrence
+del lst[i:j]  # Delete slice
+list1 + list2  # combine two list
+
+# Useful methods
+lst.sort()  # In-place sort
+sorted(lst)  # Sorted copy
+lst.reverse()  # In-place reverse
+list.count(value)  # Counts number of elements with the specified value
+",".join(lst)  # Join elements into a string if all elements are strings
+",".join(map(str, lst))  # Join elements into a string
+```
 
-list[i] = val
-list[i:j] = otherlist  # replace ith to jth-1 elements with otherlist
-del list[i:j]
+### Dictionaries (Key-Value Pairs)
 
-list.append(item)
-list.extend(another_list)
-list.insert(index, item)
-list.pop()        # returns and removes last element from the list
-list.pop(i)       # returns and removes i-th element from the list
-list.remove(i)    # removes the first item from the list whose value is i
-list1 + list2     # combine two list    
-set(list)         # remove duplicate elements from a list
+```py
+d = {}  # Empty dict
+d = {"a": 1, "b": 2}  # Initialize with values
 
-list.reverse()    # reverses the elements of the list in-place
-list.count(item)
-sum(list)
+# Accessing and modifying
+d["key"]  # Access value
+d.get("key", "default")  # Safe access with default
+d["key"] = value  # Add or update
+d.setdefault("key", "default)   # If no key, insert with the specified value
+del d["key"]  # Delete key-value pair
+"key" in d  # Checks if key in dict
 
-zip(list1, list2)  # returns list of tuples with n-th element of both list1 and list2
-list.sort()        # sorts in-place, returns None
-sorted(list)       # returns sorted copy of list
-",".join(list)     # returns a string with list elements separated by comma
+# Iteration
+for key, value in d.items():  # Iterate over key-value pairs
+    print(key, value)
 
-```
+# Useful methods
+d.keys()  # List of keys
+d.values()  # List of values
+d.items()  # List of key-value pairs
 
-### Dict
 
-```py
-dict = {}
-dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
-dict['c'] = 3
-del dict['a']    # Remove key-value pair with key 'c'
-dict.keys()
-dict.values()
-"key" in dict    # let's say this returns False, then...
-dict["key"]      # if "key" not in dict raises KeyError
-dict.get("key")  # if "key" not in dict returns None
-dict.get("key", "optional return value if no key")
-dict.setdefault("key", 1)
-**dict           # expands all k/v pairs in place
+# Error cases:
+d["key"]  # if "key" not in dict raises KeyError
+d.get("key")  # if "key" not in dict returns None
+
+** dict  # expands all k/v pairs in place
 ```
 
 ### Set
 
 ```py
-set = set()
-set = {1, 2, 3}
-set.add(4)
-set.remove(2) 
+s = set()  # Empty set
+s = {1, 2, 3}  # Set with values
+s = set([1, 2, 3, 3]  # Convert List into Set
+
+# Modifications
+s.add(4)  # Add element
+s.remove(2)  # Remove element
+
+# Set operations
+s1 | s2  # Union
+s1 & s2  # Intersection
+s1 - s2  # Difference
+s1 ^ s2  # Symmetric difference
 ```
 
 ### Iteration
 
 ```py
-for item in ["a", "b", "c"]:
-for i in range(4):        # 0 to 3
-for i in range(4, 8):     # 4 to 7
-for i in range(1, 9, 2):  # 1, 3, 5, 7
-for key, val in dict.items():
-for index, item in enumerate(list):
+for i in range(4):  # 0 to 3
+    for
+i in range(4, 8):  # 4 to 7
+for i in range(1, 9, 2):  # 1, 3, 5, 7 from 1 to 9-1 step by 2
+    for
+item in lst:  # List
+for key, value in d.items():  # Dict
+    for
+i, value in enumerate(lst):  # With index
 ```
 
-### [String](https://docs.python.org/2/library/stdtypes.html#string-methods)
+### [String Manipulation](https://docs.python.org/2/library/stdtypes.html#string-methods)
 
 ```py
-str[0:4]
-len(str)
-
-string.replace("-", " ")
-",".join(list)
-"hi {0}".format('j')
-f"hi {name}" # same as "hi {}".format('name')
-str.find(",")
-str.index(",")   # same, but raises IndexError
-str.count(",")
-str.split(",")
-
-str.lower()
-str.upper()
-str.title()
-
-str.lstrip()
-str.rstrip()
-str.strip()
-
-str.islower()
-
-/* escape characters */
->>> 'doesn\'t'  # use \' to escape the single quote...
-    "doesn't"
->>> "doesn't"  # ...or use double quotes instead
-    "doesn't"
->>> '"Yes," they said.'
-    '"Yes," they said.'
->>> "\"Yes,\" they said."
-    '"Yes," they said.'
->>> '"Isn\'t," they said.'
-    '"Isn\'t," they said.'
+s = "hello world"
+
+# Basic methods
+s.upper()  # HELLO WORLD
+s.lower()  # hello world
+s.strip()  # Remove leading/trailing spaces
+s.lstrip() or s.rstrip()
+lst = s.split(" ")  # Split by space into list
+s.replace("world", "Python")  # Replace substring
+",".join(["a", "b", "c"])  # Join elements with a separator
+
+str.count(value)  # Count # of values
+str.find(value)  # Returns first index of value in str, -1 otherwise
+str.index(value)  # same, but raises IndexError
+
+str.isalpha()  # True if all the chars are alphabet letters(a-z).
+str.isdigit()  # True if digit(s)
+
+# Formatting
+f"Hello, {name}!"  # f-string
+"Hello, {}!".format(name)  # Same as f-string
+"{:.2f}".format(3.14159)  # Format float to 2 decimals
+
+# Escape Characters
+print('doesn\'t')  # Use \' to escape the single quote
+print("doesn't")  # Or use double quotes instead
 ```
 
 ### Casting
@@ -130,18 +155,85 @@ str(float)
 ### Comprehensions
 
 ```py
-[fn(i) for i in list]            # .map
-map(fn, list)                    # .map, returns iterator
+# List comprehension
+squared = [x ** 2 for x in range(10)]
+
+# Dictionary comprehension
+squared_dict = {x: x ** 2 for x in range(10)}
+
+# Set comprehension
+unique = {x for x in lst if x > 0}
+
+# Filter and map
+filtered = [x for x in lst if x > 0]
+transformed = list(map(str, lst))
+
+[fn(i)
+for i in list]  # .map
+map(fn, list)  # .map, returns iterator
+
+filter(fn, list)  # .filter, returns iterator
+[fn(i) for i in list if i > 0]  # .filter.map
+```
+
+### Queues (FIFO)
+```py
+from collections import deque
+
+queue = deque()  # Initialize
+queue.append(1)  # Enqueue
+print(queue.popleft())  # Dequeue (FIFO)
+print(queue.popright())  # LIFO: Remove and return last sampe as pop()
+```
+
+#### Using queue.Queue (Thread-Safe):
+```py
+from queue import Queue
+
+q = Queue()
+q.put(1)  # Enqueue
+print(q.get())  # Dequeue (FIFO)
+print(q.qsize())  # Current size
+print(q.empty())  # Check if empty
+```
+
+### Priority Queues
+```py
+from queue import PriorityQueue
+
+pq = PriorityQueue()
+pq.put((2, "B"))  # Insert with priority 2
+pq.put((1, "A"))  # Insert with priority 1
+print(pq.get())  # Dequeue (Lowest priority first): (1, "A")
+
+# Using heapq for Min-Heaps:
+import heapq
+
+min_heap =[]
+heapq.heappush(min_heap, 10)
+heapq.heappush(min_heap, 5)
+print(heapq.heappop(min_heap))  # Removes and returns smallest: 5
+```
+
+### Heap
+```py
+import heapq
 
-filter(fn, list)                 # .filter, returns iterator
-[fn(i) for i in list if i > 0]   # .filter.map
+heapq.heapify(lst)  # Converts a list into a min-heap in-place
+heapq.heappush(heap, item)  # Adds item to the heap while maintaining heap order
+heapq.heappop(heap)  # Removes and returns the smallest element in the heap
 ```
 
-### Regex
+
+### Regex (see https://regex101.com)
 
 ```py
 import re
 
+pattern = r"^\d+$"  # Matches integers
+if re.match(pattern, "123"):
+    print("It's a number!")
+
 re.match(r'^[aeiou]', str)
 re.sub(r'^[aeiou]', '?', str)
 re.sub(r'(xyz)', r'\1', str)
@@ -151,38 +243,74 @@ expr.match(...)
 expr.sub(...)
 ```
 
+## Tips & Tricks
+
+## Type Conversion
+
+```py
+int("42")  # String to int
+float("3.14")  # String to float
+str(42)  # Int to string
+list("abc")  # String to list
+```
+
+## Sorting
+
+```py
+sorted(lst)  # Ascending order
+sorted(lst, reverse=True)  # Descending order
+lst.sort(key=lambda x: x[1])  # Custom sort by second element
+```
+
+## Useful Built-ins
+```py
+sum(lst)  # Sum of elements
+max(lst)  # Maximum element
+min(lst)  # Minimum element
+zip(lst1, lst2)  # Pair elements
+all(lst)  # True if all elements are true
+any(lst)  # True if any element is true
+```
+
 ## File manipulation
-    
+
 ### Reading
 
 ```py
-file = open("hello.txt", "r") # open in read mode 'r'
-file.close() 
+file = open("hello.txt", "r")  # open in read mode 'r'
+file.close()
+
+# Alternative
+with open("file.txt", "r") as f:
+    content = f.read()  # Read entire file
+lines = f.readlines()  # Read all lines as a list
 ```
 
 ```py
-print(file.read())  # read the entire file and set the cursor at the end of file
-print file.readline() # Reading one line
-file.seek(0, 0) # place the cursor at the beginning of the file
+file.read()  # read the entire file and set the cursor at the end of file
+file.readline()  # Reading one line
+file.seek(0, 0)  # place the cursor at the beginning of the file
 ```
 
 ### Writing (overwrite)
 
 ```py
-file = open("hello.txt", "w") # open in write mode 'w'
-file.write("Hello World") 
-
-text_lines = ["First line", "Second line", "Last line"] 
-file.writelines(text_lines)
-
+file = open("hello.txt", "w")  # open in write mode 'w'
+file.write("Hello World")
+file.writelines(["First line", "Second line", "Last line"])
 file.close()
+
+# Alternative
+with open("file.txt", "w") as f:
+    f.write("Hello, world!")  # Overwrite file
+f.writelines(["Line1\n", "Line2\n"])  # Write multiple lines
 ```
 
 ### Writing (append)
 
 ```py
-file = open("Hello.txt", "a") # open in append mode
-file.write("Hello World again")  
+file = open("Hello.txt", "a")  # open in append mode
+file.write("Hello World again")
 file.close()
 ```
 
@@ -190,8 +318,8 @@ file.close()
 
 ```py
 with open("welcome.txt", "r") as file:
-    # 'file' refers directly to "welcome.txt"
-   data = file.read()
+# 'file' refers directly to "welcome.txt"
+    data = file.read()
 
 # It closes the file automatically at the end of scope, no need for `file.close()`.
 ```

From af532e951025def07f47792b4754bd1564ae3389 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nick Korostelev <nickkor@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 30 Nov 2024 17:59:14 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 02/17] Update python.md

---
 python.md | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/python.md b/python.md
index 63e8cfc83e..774c2c724b 100644
--- a/python.md
+++ b/python.md
@@ -67,9 +67,9 @@ for key, value in d.items():  # Iterate over key-value pairs
     print(key, value)
 
 # Useful methods
-d.keys()  # List of keys
-d.values()  # List of values
-d.items()  # List of key-value pairs
+list(d.keys() ) # List of keys
+list(d.values())  # List of values
+list(d.items())  # List of key-value pairs
 
 
 # Error cases:

From f893ead20e3cc9a7ecfb1e0df38fddb9fa9dd5cd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nick Korostelev <nickkor@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Dec 2024 20:43:24 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 03/17] fix deque

---
 python.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/python.md b/python.md
index 774c2c724b..ebdb807621 100644
--- a/python.md
+++ b/python.md
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ from collections import deque
 queue = deque()  # Initialize
 queue.append(1)  # Enqueue
 print(queue.popleft())  # Dequeue (FIFO)
-print(queue.popright())  # LIFO: Remove and return last sampe as pop()
+print(queue.pop())  # LIFO: Remove and return last element
 ```
 
 #### Using queue.Queue (Thread-Safe):

From f92875948de8a16a0add648cd7ac937ac6682b5c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nick Korostelev <nickkor@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Dec 2024 14:51:01 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 04/17] remove duplicate heapq

---
 python.md | 8 --------
 1 file changed, 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/python.md b/python.md
index ebdb807621..530dd1673d 100644
--- a/python.md
+++ b/python.md
@@ -205,14 +205,6 @@ pq = PriorityQueue()
 pq.put((2, "B"))  # Insert with priority 2
 pq.put((1, "A"))  # Insert with priority 1
 print(pq.get())  # Dequeue (Lowest priority first): (1, "A")
-
-# Using heapq for Min-Heaps:
-import heapq
-
-min_heap =[]
-heapq.heappush(min_heap, 10)
-heapq.heappush(min_heap, 5)
-print(heapq.heappop(min_heap))  # Removes and returns smallest: 5
 ```
 
 ### Heap

From ae2ff511d99c5fdebe7e1da077ccba7159b48adf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nick Korostelev <nickkor@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Dec 2024 18:53:37 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 05/17] Update python.md

---
 python.md | 9 +++++----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/python.md b/python.md
index 530dd1673d..4862160d00 100644
--- a/python.md
+++ b/python.md
@@ -33,10 +33,11 @@ lst[:-1]  # All but the last element
 lst[i] = value  # Set an element
 lst.append(value)  # Add to the end
 lst.insert(i, value)  # Insert at position i
-lst.extend(other)  # Add multiple elements
-lst.pop(i=-1)  # Remove and return element (default: last)
-lst.remove(value)  # Remove first occurrence
-del lst[i:j]  # Delete slice
+```suggestion
+lst.extend([1,2,3])  # Extends list with another list
+lst.pop()  # Remove and return element. Can also accept an index.
+lst.remove(value)  # Remove first occurrence of value
+del lst[i:j]  # Delete slice between i and j-1
 list1 + list2  # combine two list
 
 # Useful methods

From a3aa21dce50399046ab12b7d1522ee5a31b3edc8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nick Korostelev <nickkor@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Dec 2024 18:54:35 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 06/17] Update python.md

---
 python.md | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/python.md b/python.md
index 4862160d00..29b660e4bc 100644
--- a/python.md
+++ b/python.md
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ list1 + list2  # combine two list
 lst.sort()  # In-place sort
 sorted(lst)  # Sorted copy
 lst.reverse()  # In-place reverse
+reversed(lst) # Reversed copy
 list.count(value)  # Counts number of elements with the specified value
 ",".join(lst)  # Join elements into a string if all elements are strings
 ",".join(map(str, lst))  # Join elements into a string

From 139dcc100e4e89f5ca5e3d95730c70f007c93d04 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nick Korostelev <nickkor@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Dec 2024 18:56:06 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 07/17] Update python.md

---
 python.md | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/python.md b/python.md
index 29b660e4bc..45503b637e 100644
--- a/python.md
+++ b/python.md
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ lst[:-1]  # All but the last element
 lst[i] = value  # Set an element
 lst.append(value)  # Add to the end
 lst.insert(i, value)  # Insert at position i
-```suggestion
 lst.extend([1,2,3])  # Extends list with another list
 lst.pop()  # Remove and return element. Can also accept an index.
 lst.remove(value)  # Remove first occurrence of value

From 0c739f8792a7b29aab65c804a4407cd80b656185 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nick Korostelev <nickkor@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Dec 2024 18:57:59 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 08/17] Update python.md

---
 python.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/python.md b/python.md
index 45503b637e..f3830fd2ae 100644
--- a/python.md
+++ b/python.md
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ list1 + list2  # combine two list
 lst.sort()  # In-place sort
 sorted(lst)  # Sorted copy
 lst.reverse()  # In-place reverse
-reversed(lst) # Reversed copy
+list(reversed(lst)) # Reversed copy
 list.count(value)  # Counts number of elements with the specified value
 ",".join(lst)  # Join elements into a string if all elements are strings
 ",".join(map(str, lst))  # Join elements into a string

From 09b7f79cc21ed05e00c91396429beccdf2397601 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nick Korostelev <nickkor@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Dec 2024 18:58:50 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 09/17] Update python.md

---
 python.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/python.md b/python.md
index f3830fd2ae..a6250e41a9 100644
--- a/python.md
+++ b/python.md
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ d = {"a": 1, "b": 2}  # Initialize with values
 d["key"]  # Access value
 d.get("key", "default")  # Safe access with default
 d["key"] = value  # Add or update
-d.setdefault("key", "default)   # If no key, insert with the specified value
+d.setdefault("key", "default")   # If no key, insert with the specified value
 del d["key"]  # Delete key-value pair
 "key" in d  # Checks if key in dict
 

From f49265997ac380f964ff670ac8bb81d524dfbbf3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nick Korostelev <nickkor@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Dec 2024 19:12:05 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 10/17] Update python.md

---
 python.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/python.md b/python.md
index a6250e41a9..83bcb24efb 100644
--- a/python.md
+++ b/python.md
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ d.get("key")  # if "key" not in dict returns None
 ```py
 s = set()  # Empty set
 s = {1, 2, 3}  # Set with values
-s = set([1, 2, 3, 3]  # Convert List into Set
+s = set([1, 2, 3, 3])  # Convert List into Set
 
 # Modifications
 s.add(4)  # Add element

From ba8295ce05092242e6c23389219f05bbfdc1b8bc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nick Korostelev <nickkor@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Dec 2024 19:12:11 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 11/17] Update python.md

---
 python.md | 13 +++++--------
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/python.md b/python.md
index 83bcb24efb..7b210ae425 100644
--- a/python.md
+++ b/python.md
@@ -102,14 +102,11 @@ s1 ^ s2  # Symmetric difference
 
 ```py
 for i in range(4):  # 0 to 3
-    for
-i in range(4, 8):  # 4 to 7
-for i in range(1, 9, 2):  # 1, 3, 5, 7 from 1 to 9-1 step by 2
-    for
-item in lst:  # List
-for key, value in d.items():  # Dict
-    for
-i, value in enumerate(lst):  # With index
+for i in range(4, 8):  # 4 to 7
+for i in range(1, 9, 2):  # 1, 3, 5, 7 from 1 to 8 step by 2
+for item in lst:
+for key, value in dict.items(): 
+for index, value in enumerate(lst):
 ```
 
 ### [String Manipulation](https://docs.python.org/2/library/stdtypes.html#string-methods)

From 2945dc80218c1f75838cad32945afdb7a6eb9eb0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nick Korostelev <nickkor@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Dec 2024 19:12:17 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 12/17] Update python.md

---
 python.md | 3 +--
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/python.md b/python.md
index 7b210ae425..a80f410c44 100644
--- a/python.md
+++ b/python.md
@@ -166,8 +166,7 @@ unique = {x for x in lst if x > 0}
 filtered = [x for x in lst if x > 0]
 transformed = list(map(str, lst))
 
-[fn(i)
-for i in list]  # .map
+[fn(i) for i in list]  # .map
 map(fn, list)  # .map, returns iterator
 
 filter(fn, list)  # .filter, returns iterator

From ccfbdf97c75cbbb0edb728032aebcea9952957d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nick Korostelev <nickkor@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Dec 2024 19:12:22 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 13/17] Update python.md

---
 python.md | 9 ---------
 1 file changed, 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/python.md b/python.md
index a80f410c44..6aff3594c4 100644
--- a/python.md
+++ b/python.md
@@ -234,15 +234,6 @@ expr.sub(...)
 
 ## Tips & Tricks
 
-## Type Conversion
-
-```py
-int("42")  # String to int
-float("3.14")  # String to float
-str(42)  # Int to string
-list("abc")  # String to list
-```
-
 ## Sorting
 
 ```py

From acd02495ba62aa1836a7ca80a24f8c385bc9d0c1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nick Korostelev <nickkor@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Dec 2024 19:12:28 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 14/17] Update python.md

---
 python.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/python.md b/python.md
index 6aff3594c4..32ea5d680e 100644
--- a/python.md
+++ b/python.md
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ file.close()
 # Alternative
 with open("file.txt", "r") as f:
     content = f.read()  # Read entire file
-lines = f.readlines()  # Read all lines as a list
+    lines = f.readlines()  # Read all lines as a list
 ```
 
 ```py

From ca64800e97bf5150f74729782dcd9238a7e1ae24 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nick Korostelev <nickkor@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Dec 2024 19:12:32 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 15/17] Update python.md

---
 python.md | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/python.md b/python.md
index 32ea5d680e..9588320001 100644
--- a/python.md
+++ b/python.md
@@ -258,6 +258,8 @@ any(lst)  # True if any element is true
 
 ```py
 file = open("hello.txt", "r")  # open in read mode 'r'
+content = f.read()  # Read entire file
+lines = f.readlines()  # Read all lines as a list
 file.close()
 
 # Alternative

From a8987134361473fd2c66913eb526538da7987b48 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nick Korostelev <nickkor@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Dec 2024 19:12:37 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 16/17] Update python.md

---
 python.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/python.md b/python.md
index 9588320001..0ee8224441 100644
--- a/python.md
+++ b/python.md
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ file.close()
 # Alternative
 with open("file.txt", "w") as f:
     f.write("Hello, world!")  # Overwrite file
-f.writelines(["Line1\n", "Line2\n"])  # Write multiple lines
+    f.writelines(["Line1\n", "Line2\n"])  # Write multiple lines
 ```
 
 ### Writing (append)

From 3b1b5c962737fdc72fe881227574c2862df29ec4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nick Korostelev <nickkor@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Dec 2024 19:12:42 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 17/17] Update python.md

---
 python.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/python.md b/python.md
index 0ee8224441..f63d5a31cb 100644
--- a/python.md
+++ b/python.md
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ file.close()
 
 ```py
 with open("welcome.txt", "r") as file:
-# 'file' refers directly to "welcome.txt"
+    # 'file' refers directly to "welcome.txt"
     data = file.read()
 
 # It closes the file automatically at the end of scope, no need for `file.close()`.