Lecture8-xarray.ipynb

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    "### **Xarray**\n",
    "\n",
    "Xarray is a Python package for working with labelled **multi-dimensional** arrays. Documentaion can be found [here](https://docs.xarray.dev/en/stable/index.html).\n",
    "\n",
    "Installation line from their site:\n",
    "\n",
    "```\n",
    "conda install -c conda-forge xarray dask netCDF4 bottleneck\n",
    "```\n"
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   "source": [
    "import xarray as xr\n",
    "\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "import pandas as pd"
   ]
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    "#### **Core data structures:**\n",
    "\n",
    "`DataArray` is an implementation of a labeled, N-dimensional array. It is an a generalization of a `pandas.Series`. \n",
    "\n",
    "Let's create it (start with a panda-like 2 dimensions):"
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      "<xarray.DataArray (x: 3, y: 4)>\n",
      "array([[ 1.7031711 ,  0.87109261, -1.10146049,  0.66713982],\n",
      "       [-0.58381484,  2.23172779, -1.07109423, -0.67708292],\n",
      "       [ 0.78173323,  0.74386989, -0.37114002,  0.04634405]])\n",
      "Coordinates:\n",
      "  * x        (x) int64 10 20 30\n",
      "Dimensions without coordinates: y\n"
     ]
    }
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   "source": [
    "data = xr.DataArray(np.random.randn(3, 4), dims=(\"x\", \"y\"), coords={\"x\": [10, 20,30]})\n",
    "print(data)\n",
    "#data # <--- gives a much nices print in Jupyter"
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    "You can convert it to pandas:"
   ]
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       "      <td>1.703171</td>\n",
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       "y          0         1         2         3\n",
       "x                                         \n",
       "10  1.703171  0.871093 -1.101460  0.667140\n",
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    "df=data.to_pandas()\n",
    "df"
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    "Here we see that \"dims\" are labels for dimensions and \"coords\" are \"labels\" along the `x` axis. \n",
    "We can generate that directly from pandas:"
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       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.DataArray (name: 11, dim_1: 4)&gt;\n",
       "array([[24, 18, 30, 20],\n",
       "       [18, 27, 29, 27],\n",
       "       [21, 24, 28, 27],\n",
       "       [30, 30, 29, 30],\n",
       "       [24, 25, 27, 21],\n",
       "       [23, 26, 30, 30],\n",
       "       [18, 28, 26, 24],\n",
       "       [19, 20, 27, 27],\n",
       "       [24, 29, 23, 26],\n",
       "       [24, 25, 26, 30],\n",
       "       [20, 20, 18, 18]])\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * name     (name) object &#x27;Marie&#x27; &#x27;John&#x27; &#x27;Kati&#x27; ... &#x27;Pier&#x27; &#x27;Bennet&#x27; &#x27;Luis&#x27;\n",
       "  * dim_1    (dim_1) object &#x27;course1&#x27; &#x27;course2&#x27; &#x27;course3&#x27; &#x27;course4&#x27;</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.DataArray</div><div class='xr-array-name'></div><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>name</span>: 11</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>dim_1</span>: 4</li></ul></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><div class='xr-array-wrap'><input id='section-ea0eec4d-b615-4409-be66-f85835d22f61' class='xr-array-in' type='checkbox' checked><label for='section-ea0eec4d-b615-4409-be66-f85835d22f61' title='Show/hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-array-preview xr-preview'><span>24 18 30 20 18 27 29 27 21 24 28 ... 29 23 26 24 25 26 30 20 20 18 18</span></div><div class='xr-array-data'><pre>array([[24, 18, 30, 20],\n",
       "       [18, 27, 29, 27],\n",
       "       [21, 24, 28, 27],\n",
       "       [30, 30, 29, 30],\n",
       "       [24, 25, 27, 21],\n",
       "       [23, 26, 30, 30],\n",
       "       [18, 28, 26, 24],\n",
       "       [19, 20, 27, 27],\n",
       "       [24, 29, 23, 26],\n",
       "       [24, 25, 26, 30],\n",
       "       [20, 20, 18, 18]])</pre></div></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-8ee6b229-7d4f-4add-b54f-70331c4a6819' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-8ee6b229-7d4f-4add-b54f-70331c4a6819' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(2)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>name</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(name)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>object</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>&#x27;Marie&#x27; &#x27;John&#x27; ... &#x27;Bennet&#x27; &#x27;Luis&#x27;</div><input id='attrs-a2061b77-38c8-4353-b59d-557740263db8' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' disabled><label for='attrs-a2061b77-38c8-4353-b59d-557740263db8' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-243ba202-a208-4dfd-a5e5-4aabd1f15a58' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-243ba202-a208-4dfd-a5e5-4aabd1f15a58' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;Marie&#x27;, &#x27;John&#x27;, &#x27;Kati&#x27;, &#x27;Olaf&#x27;, &#x27;Mark&#x27;, &#x27;Olga&#x27;, &#x27;Jean&#x27;, &#x27;Alex&#x27;, &#x27;Pier&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;Bennet&#x27;, &#x27;Luis&#x27;], dtype=object)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>dim_1</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(dim_1)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>object</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>&#x27;course1&#x27; &#x27;course2&#x27; ... &#x27;course4&#x27;</div><input id='attrs-2d498012-f975-415e-bfab-f2f2a09f84c4' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' disabled><label for='attrs-2d498012-f975-415e-bfab-f2f2a09f84c4' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-cc0f77f2-4086-4bca-8143-d4c1a0e593e6' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-cc0f77f2-4086-4bca-8143-d4c1a0e593e6' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;course1&#x27;, &#x27;course2&#x27;, &#x27;course3&#x27;, &#x27;course4&#x27;], dtype=object)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-c9175cdc-1480-40ef-a058-7632315b2d49' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  ><label for='section-c9175cdc-1480-40ef-a058-7632315b2d49' class='xr-section-summary' >Indexes: <span>(2)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>name</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-7b7b13d1-eb32-499c-b535-2ef263d47389' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-7b7b13d1-eb32-499c-b535-2ef263d47389' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([&#x27;Marie&#x27;, &#x27;John&#x27;, &#x27;Kati&#x27;, &#x27;Olaf&#x27;, &#x27;Mark&#x27;, &#x27;Olga&#x27;, &#x27;Jean&#x27;, &#x27;Alex&#x27;, &#x27;Pier&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;Bennet&#x27;, &#x27;Luis&#x27;],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;object&#x27;, name=&#x27;name&#x27;))</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>dim_1</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-9e389952-2a5e-4c34-9d46-4e5ad0437210' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-9e389952-2a5e-4c34-9d46-4e5ad0437210' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([&#x27;course1&#x27;, &#x27;course2&#x27;, &#x27;course3&#x27;, &#x27;course4&#x27;], dtype=&#x27;object&#x27;, name=&#x27;dim_1&#x27;))</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-4eba89e7-57ad-4c33-80b3-d46ce8f12c36' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox' disabled ><label for='section-4eba89e7-57ad-4c33-80b3-d46ce8f12c36' class='xr-section-summary'  title='Expand/collapse section'>Attributes: <span>(0)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.DataArray (name: 11, dim_1: 4)>\n",
       "array([[24, 18, 30, 20],\n",
       "       [18, 27, 29, 27],\n",
       "       [21, 24, 28, 27],\n",
       "       [30, 30, 29, 30],\n",
       "       [24, 25, 27, 21],\n",
       "       [23, 26, 30, 30],\n",
       "       [18, 28, 26, 24],\n",
       "       [19, 20, 27, 27],\n",
       "       [24, 29, 23, 26],\n",
       "       [24, 25, 26, 30],\n",
       "       [20, 20, 18, 18]])\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * name     (name) object 'Marie' 'John' 'Kati' ... 'Pier' 'Bennet' 'Luis'\n",
       "  * dim_1    (dim_1) object 'course1' 'course2' 'course3' 'course4'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 76,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df = pd.read_csv('example.csv', index_col=0)\n",
    "#print(df)\n",
    "data=xr.DataArray(df)\n",
    "data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 77,
   "id": "d42960d2-f6ef-4dbd-9934-10a83fec2701",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "('name', 'dim_1')\n",
      "Coordinates:\n",
      "  * name     (name) object 'Marie' 'John' 'Kati' ... 'Pier' 'Bennet' 'Luis'\n",
      "  * dim_1    (dim_1) object 'course1' 'course2' 'course3' 'course4'\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(data.dims)\n",
    "print(data.coords)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 78,
   "id": "d9fde5f7-e4a8-47da-afce-5de3bef25921",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "  --xr-background-color: var(--jp-layout-color0, white);\n",
       "  --xr-background-color-row-even: var(--jp-layout-color1, white);\n",
       "  --xr-background-color-row-odd: var(--jp-layout-color2, #eeeeee);\n",
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       "\n",
       "html[theme=dark],\n",
       "body[data-theme=dark],\n",
       "body.vscode-dark {\n",
       "  --xr-font-color0: rgba(255, 255, 255, 1);\n",
       "  --xr-font-color2: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.54);\n",
       "  --xr-font-color3: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.38);\n",
       "  --xr-border-color: #1F1F1F;\n",
       "  --xr-disabled-color: #515151;\n",
       "  --xr-background-color: #111111;\n",
       "  --xr-background-color-row-even: #111111;\n",
       "  --xr-background-color-row-odd: #313131;\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-wrap {\n",
       "  display: block !important;\n",
       "  min-width: 300px;\n",
       "  max-width: 700px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-text-repr-fallback {\n",
       "  /* fallback to plain text repr when CSS is not injected (untrusted notebook) */\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-header {\n",
       "  padding-top: 6px;\n",
       "  padding-bottom: 6px;\n",
       "  margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
       "  border-bottom: solid 1px var(--xr-border-color);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-header > div,\n",
       ".xr-header > ul {\n",
       "  display: inline;\n",
       "  margin-top: 0;\n",
       "  margin-bottom: 0;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-obj-type,\n",
       ".xr-array-name {\n",
       "  margin-left: 2px;\n",
       "  margin-right: 10px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-obj-type {\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color2);\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-sections {\n",
       "  padding-left: 0 !important;\n",
       "  display: grid;\n",
       "  grid-template-columns: 150px auto auto 1fr 20px 20px;\n",
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       "\n",
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       ".xr-section-item input {\n",
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       ".xr-section-item input + label {\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-section-item input:enabled + label {\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-section-item input:enabled + label:hover {\n",
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       "\n",
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       "\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in + label:before {\n",
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       "  font-size: 11px;\n",
       "  width: 15px;\n",
       "  text-align: center;\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in:disabled + label:before {\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-disabled-color);\n",
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       ".xr-section-summary-in:checked + label:before {\n",
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       "\n",
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       "\n",
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       "\n",
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       "\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-dim-list {\n",
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       ".xr-dim-list li {\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-has-index {\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-var-list,\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-var-item > div,\n",
       ".xr-var-item label,\n",
       ".xr-var-item > .xr-var-name span {\n",
       "  background-color: var(--xr-background-color-row-even);\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-var-item > .xr-var-name:hover span {\n",
       "  padding-right: 5px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-list > li:nth-child(odd) > div,\n",
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       "\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-index-preview {\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-var-name,\n",
       ".xr-var-dims,\n",
       ".xr-var-dtype,\n",
       ".xr-preview,\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-var-name:hover,\n",
       ".xr-var-dims:hover,\n",
       ".xr-var-dtype:hover,\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt:hover {\n",
       "  overflow: visible;\n",
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       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-attrs,\n",
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       "  display: none;\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-var-attrs-in:checked ~ .xr-var-attrs,\n",
       ".xr-var-data-in:checked ~ .xr-var-data,\n",
       ".xr-index-data-in:checked ~ .xr-index-data {\n",
       "  display: block;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-data > table {\n",
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       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-name span,\n",
       ".xr-var-data,\n",
       ".xr-index-name div,\n",
       ".xr-index-data,\n",
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       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs,\n",
       ".xr-var-attrs,\n",
       ".xr-var-data,\n",
       ".xr-index-data {\n",
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       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "dl.xr-attrs {\n",
       "  padding: 0;\n",
       "  margin: 0;\n",
       "  display: grid;\n",
       "  grid-template-columns: 125px auto;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt,\n",
       ".xr-attrs dd {\n",
       "  padding: 0;\n",
       "  margin: 0;\n",
       "  float: left;\n",
       "  padding-right: 10px;\n",
       "  width: auto;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt {\n",
       "  font-weight: normal;\n",
       "  grid-column: 1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt:hover span {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  background: var(--xr-background-color);\n",
       "  padding-right: 10px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dd {\n",
       "  grid-column: 2;\n",
       "  white-space: pre-wrap;\n",
       "  word-break: break-all;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-icon-database,\n",
       ".xr-icon-file-text2,\n",
       ".xr-no-icon {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "  width: 1em;\n",
       "  height: 1.5em !important;\n",
       "  stroke-width: 0;\n",
       "  stroke: currentColor;\n",
       "  fill: currentColor;\n",
       "}\n",
       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.DataArray (pname: 11, course: 4)&gt;\n",
       "array([[24, 18, 30, 20],\n",
       "       [18, 27, 29, 27],\n",
       "       [21, 24, 28, 27],\n",
       "       [30, 30, 29, 30],\n",
       "       [24, 25, 27, 21],\n",
       "       [23, 26, 30, 30],\n",
       "       [18, 28, 26, 24],\n",
       "       [19, 20, 27, 27],\n",
       "       [24, 29, 23, 26],\n",
       "       [24, 25, 26, 30],\n",
       "       [20, 20, 18, 18]])\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * pname    (pname) object &#x27;Marie&#x27; &#x27;John&#x27; &#x27;Kati&#x27; ... &#x27;Pier&#x27; &#x27;Bennet&#x27; &#x27;Luis&#x27;\n",
       "  * course   (course) object &#x27;course1&#x27; &#x27;course2&#x27; &#x27;course3&#x27; &#x27;course4&#x27;</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.DataArray</div><div class='xr-array-name'></div><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>pname</span>: 11</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>course</span>: 4</li></ul></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><div class='xr-array-wrap'><input id='section-908abe5a-864d-463a-8498-3abc6bcd7ed0' class='xr-array-in' type='checkbox' checked><label for='section-908abe5a-864d-463a-8498-3abc6bcd7ed0' title='Show/hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-array-preview xr-preview'><span>24 18 30 20 18 27 29 27 21 24 28 ... 29 23 26 24 25 26 30 20 20 18 18</span></div><div class='xr-array-data'><pre>array([[24, 18, 30, 20],\n",
       "       [18, 27, 29, 27],\n",
       "       [21, 24, 28, 27],\n",
       "       [30, 30, 29, 30],\n",
       "       [24, 25, 27, 21],\n",
       "       [23, 26, 30, 30],\n",
       "       [18, 28, 26, 24],\n",
       "       [19, 20, 27, 27],\n",
       "       [24, 29, 23, 26],\n",
       "       [24, 25, 26, 30],\n",
       "       [20, 20, 18, 18]])</pre></div></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-d51a5e50-5bac-412f-9d20-ee46ece41fb6' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-d51a5e50-5bac-412f-9d20-ee46ece41fb6' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(2)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>pname</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(pname)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>object</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>&#x27;Marie&#x27; &#x27;John&#x27; ... &#x27;Bennet&#x27; &#x27;Luis&#x27;</div><input id='attrs-8f3becb6-055f-4ca6-89b2-1b7c279be48a' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' disabled><label for='attrs-8f3becb6-055f-4ca6-89b2-1b7c279be48a' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-e0a11dea-3acb-40f4-8433-416ce7371a45' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-e0a11dea-3acb-40f4-8433-416ce7371a45' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;Marie&#x27;, &#x27;John&#x27;, &#x27;Kati&#x27;, &#x27;Olaf&#x27;, &#x27;Mark&#x27;, &#x27;Olga&#x27;, &#x27;Jean&#x27;, &#x27;Alex&#x27;, &#x27;Pier&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;Bennet&#x27;, &#x27;Luis&#x27;], dtype=object)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>course</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(course)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>object</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>&#x27;course1&#x27; &#x27;course2&#x27; ... &#x27;course4&#x27;</div><input id='attrs-5f89e895-0d97-468c-987b-1e43ffb745b4' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' disabled><label for='attrs-5f89e895-0d97-468c-987b-1e43ffb745b4' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-bb9cabce-9f79-4963-a2b5-2183676bcfd6' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-bb9cabce-9f79-4963-a2b5-2183676bcfd6' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;course1&#x27;, &#x27;course2&#x27;, &#x27;course3&#x27;, &#x27;course4&#x27;], dtype=object)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-10fbd0b6-2a94-4db4-ab9f-b54a17318a3a' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  ><label for='section-10fbd0b6-2a94-4db4-ab9f-b54a17318a3a' class='xr-section-summary' >Indexes: <span>(2)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>pname</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-efb25e37-3d59-4345-b891-bce3584d9fa2' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-efb25e37-3d59-4345-b891-bce3584d9fa2' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([&#x27;Marie&#x27;, &#x27;John&#x27;, &#x27;Kati&#x27;, &#x27;Olaf&#x27;, &#x27;Mark&#x27;, &#x27;Olga&#x27;, &#x27;Jean&#x27;, &#x27;Alex&#x27;, &#x27;Pier&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;Bennet&#x27;, &#x27;Luis&#x27;],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;object&#x27;, name=&#x27;pname&#x27;))</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>course</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-13cff3b6-7b0c-4f30-bcfb-fb8b7864a5f6' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-13cff3b6-7b0c-4f30-bcfb-fb8b7864a5f6' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([&#x27;course1&#x27;, &#x27;course2&#x27;, &#x27;course3&#x27;, &#x27;course4&#x27;], dtype=&#x27;object&#x27;, name=&#x27;course&#x27;))</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-acad8c18-525e-405f-a318-7309e2880fd8' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox' disabled ><label for='section-acad8c18-525e-405f-a318-7309e2880fd8' class='xr-section-summary'  title='Expand/collapse section'>Attributes: <span>(0)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.DataArray (pname: 11, course: 4)>\n",
       "array([[24, 18, 30, 20],\n",
       "       [18, 27, 29, 27],\n",
       "       [21, 24, 28, 27],\n",
       "       [30, 30, 29, 30],\n",
       "       [24, 25, 27, 21],\n",
       "       [23, 26, 30, 30],\n",
       "       [18, 28, 26, 24],\n",
       "       [19, 20, 27, 27],\n",
       "       [24, 29, 23, 26],\n",
       "       [24, 25, 26, 30],\n",
       "       [20, 20, 18, 18]])\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * pname    (pname) object 'Marie' 'John' 'Kati' ... 'Pier' 'Bennet' 'Luis'\n",
       "  * course   (course) object 'course1' 'course2' 'course3' 'course4'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 78,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#there seems to not be an inplace option for this, \n",
    "#so if you work on a big dataset, time to see if this takes too long\n",
    "data=data.rename({\"dim_1\":\"course\", \"name\":\"pname\"})\n",
    "data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "dbf42389-f180-40f9-ad41-e79f44ea135a",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Accessing data:\n",
    "\n",
    "positional, like numpy:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 79,
   "id": "33d74554-1e89-47d1-aa71-331fb65568f2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
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       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.DataArray (course: 4)&gt;\n",
       "array([24, 18, 30, 20])\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "    pname    &lt;U5 &#x27;Marie&#x27;\n",
       "  * course   (course) object &#x27;course1&#x27; &#x27;course2&#x27; &#x27;course3&#x27; &#x27;course4&#x27;</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.DataArray</div><div class='xr-array-name'></div><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>course</span>: 4</li></ul></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><div class='xr-array-wrap'><input id='section-b31259f8-0bf8-4301-a842-9a197b43335a' class='xr-array-in' type='checkbox' checked><label for='section-b31259f8-0bf8-4301-a842-9a197b43335a' title='Show/hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-array-preview xr-preview'><span>24 18 30 20</span></div><div class='xr-array-data'><pre>array([24, 18, 30, 20])</pre></div></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-80e77754-bee5-402a-b371-1e26d9426e6c' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-80e77754-bee5-402a-b371-1e26d9426e6c' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(2)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>pname</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>()</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>&lt;U5</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>&#x27;Marie&#x27;</div><input id='attrs-b88ae10b-6b02-4d47-94f4-a7da57cc1bf5' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' disabled><label for='attrs-b88ae10b-6b02-4d47-94f4-a7da57cc1bf5' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-0a7a5133-344e-4fc4-b9a0-b04ad276e216' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-0a7a5133-344e-4fc4-b9a0-b04ad276e216' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array(&#x27;Marie&#x27;, dtype=&#x27;&lt;U5&#x27;)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>course</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(course)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>object</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>&#x27;course1&#x27; &#x27;course2&#x27; ... &#x27;course4&#x27;</div><input id='attrs-e124de70-8209-4e3a-a5fc-8b90b7522ba0' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' disabled><label for='attrs-e124de70-8209-4e3a-a5fc-8b90b7522ba0' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-c4712def-9bb4-445a-98ac-809618c3e516' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-c4712def-9bb4-445a-98ac-809618c3e516' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;course1&#x27;, &#x27;course2&#x27;, &#x27;course3&#x27;, &#x27;course4&#x27;], dtype=object)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-f97e926f-81fe-4ede-b0b4-3e79a2c965ab' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  ><label for='section-f97e926f-81fe-4ede-b0b4-3e79a2c965ab' class='xr-section-summary' >Indexes: <span>(1)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>course</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-ec7d897b-7484-438d-be4d-70f80fddf620' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-ec7d897b-7484-438d-be4d-70f80fddf620' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([&#x27;course1&#x27;, &#x27;course2&#x27;, &#x27;course3&#x27;, &#x27;course4&#x27;], dtype=&#x27;object&#x27;, name=&#x27;course&#x27;))</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-41c132d1-e953-48eb-bfff-628d1f4560ba' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox' disabled ><label for='section-41c132d1-e953-48eb-bfff-628d1f4560ba' class='xr-section-summary'  title='Expand/collapse section'>Attributes: <span>(0)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.DataArray (course: 4)>\n",
       "array([24, 18, 30, 20])\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "    pname    <U5 'Marie'\n",
       "  * course   (course) object 'course1' 'course2' 'course3' 'course4'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 79,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data[0, :]"
   ]
  },
  {
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   "execution_count": 80,
   "id": "29473b11-1610-42f4-a8c0-f4f16e8e50d0",
   "metadata": {},
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       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.DataArray ()&gt;\n",
       "array(20)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "    pname    &lt;U5 &#x27;Marie&#x27;\n",
       "    course   &lt;U7 &#x27;course4&#x27;</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.DataArray</div><div class='xr-array-name'></div></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><div class='xr-array-wrap'><input id='section-fc7aa2d2-13e1-4ee2-89ed-b8aed27f2e82' class='xr-array-in' type='checkbox' checked><label for='section-fc7aa2d2-13e1-4ee2-89ed-b8aed27f2e82' title='Show/hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-array-preview xr-preview'><span>20</span></div><div class='xr-array-data'><pre>array(20)</pre></div></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-39a45f7d-e6b2-4b5d-a93b-4e0dcbf75684' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-39a45f7d-e6b2-4b5d-a93b-4e0dcbf75684' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(2)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>pname</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>()</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>&lt;U5</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>&#x27;Marie&#x27;</div><input id='attrs-ad1e7abb-2007-4329-bace-41545eb938fd' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' disabled><label for='attrs-ad1e7abb-2007-4329-bace-41545eb938fd' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-db19a9d4-aadb-4d5f-8c7a-a08dedd6cf3b' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-db19a9d4-aadb-4d5f-8c7a-a08dedd6cf3b' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array(&#x27;Marie&#x27;, dtype=&#x27;&lt;U5&#x27;)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>course</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>()</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>&lt;U7</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>&#x27;course4&#x27;</div><input id='attrs-f8a54c84-2589-4ea0-a687-fd8df26460bc' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' disabled><label for='attrs-f8a54c84-2589-4ea0-a687-fd8df26460bc' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-ce2ab5e2-d39f-445f-9e70-6c24e5b0c313' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-ce2ab5e2-d39f-445f-9e70-6c24e5b0c313' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array(&#x27;course4&#x27;, dtype=&#x27;&lt;U7&#x27;)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-6d5fd86a-bdfd-404d-899a-d246de00f82c' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox' disabled ><label for='section-6d5fd86a-bdfd-404d-899a-d246de00f82c' class='xr-section-summary'  title='Expand/collapse section'>Indexes: <span>(0)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-7f03c8db-2be5-4e18-93b7-5de520006d13' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox' disabled ><label for='section-7f03c8db-2be5-4e18-93b7-5de520006d13' class='xr-section-summary'  title='Expand/collapse section'>Attributes: <span>(0)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.DataArray ()>\n",
       "array(20)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "    pname    <U5 'Marie'\n",
       "    course   <U7 'course4'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 80,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data[0,3]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "4bfd508b-4302-42b7-a8ce-729aa3a083bb",
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    "\"location\": positional and coordinate label, like pandas:"
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  },
  {
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   "execution_count": 81,
   "id": "5e19a1e5-3bf7-4eae-bae3-9524966428d8",
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       "array([24, 18, 30, 20])\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "    pname    &lt;U5 &#x27;Marie&#x27;\n",
       "  * course   (course) object &#x27;course1&#x27; &#x27;course2&#x27; &#x27;course3&#x27; &#x27;course4&#x27;</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.DataArray</div><div class='xr-array-name'></div><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>course</span>: 4</li></ul></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><div class='xr-array-wrap'><input id='section-659c36ab-96fd-430a-89b1-42316483bb8c' class='xr-array-in' type='checkbox' checked><label for='section-659c36ab-96fd-430a-89b1-42316483bb8c' title='Show/hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-array-preview xr-preview'><span>24 18 30 20</span></div><div class='xr-array-data'><pre>array([24, 18, 30, 20])</pre></div></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-bce30a51-5ca0-4ac9-b451-7a8ac8055748' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-bce30a51-5ca0-4ac9-b451-7a8ac8055748' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(2)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>pname</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>()</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>&lt;U5</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>&#x27;Marie&#x27;</div><input id='attrs-634daac6-457a-4f03-8688-7b082b24142f' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' disabled><label for='attrs-634daac6-457a-4f03-8688-7b082b24142f' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-36105945-1186-4610-ad81-5cc77e31224b' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-36105945-1186-4610-ad81-5cc77e31224b' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array(&#x27;Marie&#x27;, dtype=&#x27;&lt;U5&#x27;)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>course</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(course)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>object</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>&#x27;course1&#x27; &#x27;course2&#x27; ... &#x27;course4&#x27;</div><input id='attrs-0835f901-c6c4-43c2-98a9-4c7cb7b06fd5' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' disabled><label for='attrs-0835f901-c6c4-43c2-98a9-4c7cb7b06fd5' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-8a606c53-b2f9-41ae-9e39-5079184561b2' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-8a606c53-b2f9-41ae-9e39-5079184561b2' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;course1&#x27;, &#x27;course2&#x27;, &#x27;course3&#x27;, &#x27;course4&#x27;], dtype=object)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-15e1f78b-2f81-4430-8fb8-0966747d429a' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  ><label for='section-15e1f78b-2f81-4430-8fb8-0966747d429a' class='xr-section-summary' >Indexes: <span>(1)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>course</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-60fe1169-ead5-4de0-8c7c-eb78a8a58037' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-60fe1169-ead5-4de0-8c7c-eb78a8a58037' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([&#x27;course1&#x27;, &#x27;course2&#x27;, &#x27;course3&#x27;, &#x27;course4&#x27;], dtype=&#x27;object&#x27;, name=&#x27;course&#x27;))</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-378dab73-6d6d-43bf-a510-901309a2d6fc' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox' disabled ><label for='section-378dab73-6d6d-43bf-a510-901309a2d6fc' class='xr-section-summary'  title='Expand/collapse section'>Attributes: <span>(0)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.DataArray (course: 4)>\n",
       "array([24, 18, 30, 20])\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "    pname    <U5 'Marie'\n",
       "  * course   (course) object 'course1' 'course2' 'course3' 'course4'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 81,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data.loc[\"Marie\"]"
   ]
  },
  {
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   "id": "45c0d171-b42e-4357-98cd-054230d50cec",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "isel (\"integer select\") :  by dimension name and integer label"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 82,
   "id": "4e03c092-9ab4-42aa-9821-93d142015216",
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       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * pname    (pname) object &#x27;Marie&#x27; &#x27;John&#x27; &#x27;Kati&#x27; ... &#x27;Pier&#x27; &#x27;Bennet&#x27; &#x27;Luis&#x27;\n",
       "    course   &lt;U7 &#x27;course3&#x27;</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.DataArray</div><div class='xr-array-name'></div><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>pname</span>: 11</li></ul></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><div class='xr-array-wrap'><input id='section-2d72b727-c470-47f1-9bb0-4a316dcc0c87' class='xr-array-in' type='checkbox' checked><label for='section-2d72b727-c470-47f1-9bb0-4a316dcc0c87' title='Show/hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-array-preview xr-preview'><span>30 29 28 29 27 30 26 27 23 26 18</span></div><div class='xr-array-data'><pre>array([30, 29, 28, 29, 27, 30, 26, 27, 23, 26, 18])</pre></div></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-8edf1609-d04f-4497-b62d-ba8dcc19cb14' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-8edf1609-d04f-4497-b62d-ba8dcc19cb14' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(2)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>pname</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(pname)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>object</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>&#x27;Marie&#x27; &#x27;John&#x27; ... &#x27;Bennet&#x27; &#x27;Luis&#x27;</div><input id='attrs-47c96f59-4faf-4f92-9219-8c0c42a45781' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' disabled><label for='attrs-47c96f59-4faf-4f92-9219-8c0c42a45781' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-fc8716f3-6926-41ee-83d4-3d87c43abfa1' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-fc8716f3-6926-41ee-83d4-3d87c43abfa1' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;Marie&#x27;, &#x27;John&#x27;, &#x27;Kati&#x27;, &#x27;Olaf&#x27;, &#x27;Mark&#x27;, &#x27;Olga&#x27;, &#x27;Jean&#x27;, &#x27;Alex&#x27;, &#x27;Pier&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;Bennet&#x27;, &#x27;Luis&#x27;], dtype=object)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>course</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>()</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>&lt;U7</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>&#x27;course3&#x27;</div><input id='attrs-01dbd7eb-5002-4388-99a5-45bd86bbcc53' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' disabled><label for='attrs-01dbd7eb-5002-4388-99a5-45bd86bbcc53' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-791d2899-5bdd-4124-b06b-ac125e5fd675' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-791d2899-5bdd-4124-b06b-ac125e5fd675' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array(&#x27;course3&#x27;, dtype=&#x27;&lt;U7&#x27;)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-68efcbfe-9c38-4edc-a962-d71d76bc71e2' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  ><label for='section-68efcbfe-9c38-4edc-a962-d71d76bc71e2' class='xr-section-summary' >Indexes: <span>(1)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>pname</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-4f995e6e-7b62-4f21-8f71-f2ced40689ab' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-4f995e6e-7b62-4f21-8f71-f2ced40689ab' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([&#x27;Marie&#x27;, &#x27;John&#x27;, &#x27;Kati&#x27;, &#x27;Olaf&#x27;, &#x27;Mark&#x27;, &#x27;Olga&#x27;, &#x27;Jean&#x27;, &#x27;Alex&#x27;, &#x27;Pier&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;Bennet&#x27;, &#x27;Luis&#x27;],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;object&#x27;, name=&#x27;pname&#x27;))</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-b45d3ccb-b6ea-4e66-940f-41626b0e4a40' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox' disabled ><label for='section-b45d3ccb-b6ea-4e66-940f-41626b0e4a40' class='xr-section-summary'  title='Expand/collapse section'>Attributes: <span>(0)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.DataArray (pname: 11)>\n",
       "array([30, 29, 28, 29, 27, 30, 26, 27, 23, 26, 18])\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * pname    (pname) object 'Marie' 'John' 'Kati' ... 'Pier' 'Bennet' 'Luis'\n",
       "    course   <U7 'course3'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 82,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#note how here you don't use quotes for names of dimensions\n",
    "#they are treated like variable names instead\n",
    "#this might be confusing\n",
    "data.isel(course=2) "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "92db50cf-bf1b-4309-b629-7aa771ac125a",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "In fact, this is actually a variable name, and this is why we named \"name\" to \"pname\" - it would clash with the \"name of the array\" otherwise"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 88,
   "id": "fdefe288-8d54-46ac-af3e-03f22f407469",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<xarray.DataArray 'pname' (pname: 11)>\n",
      "array(['Marie', 'John', 'Kati', 'Olaf', 'Mark', 'Olga', 'Jean', 'Alex', 'Pier',\n",
      "       'Bennet', 'Luis'], dtype=object)\n",
      "Coordinates:\n",
      "  * pname    (pname) object 'Marie' 'John' 'Kati' ... 'Pier' 'Bennet' 'Luis'\n",
      "<xarray.DataArray 'course' (course: 4)>\n",
      "array(['course1', 'course2', 'course3', 'course4'], dtype=object)\n",
      "Coordinates:\n",
      "  * course   (course) object 'course1' 'course2' 'course3' 'course4'\n",
      "None\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(data.pname)\n",
    "print(data.course)\n",
    "print(data.name)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "92d38923-59a8-4c74-a1a3-004a17f31111",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "sel: by dimension name and coordinate label"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 89,
   "id": "c1c5265e-9b97-4902-9b1e-6d61cd023a98",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
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       "\n",
       ".xr-icon-database,\n",
       ".xr-icon-file-text2,\n",
       ".xr-no-icon {\n",
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       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.DataArray (course: 4)&gt;\n",
       "array([24, 18, 30, 20])\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "    pname    &lt;U5 &#x27;Marie&#x27;\n",
       "  * course   (course) object &#x27;course1&#x27; &#x27;course2&#x27; &#x27;course3&#x27; &#x27;course4&#x27;</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.DataArray</div><div class='xr-array-name'></div><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>course</span>: 4</li></ul></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><div class='xr-array-wrap'><input id='section-2c411407-d12c-4edf-98cb-3372b12e7d9b' class='xr-array-in' type='checkbox' checked><label for='section-2c411407-d12c-4edf-98cb-3372b12e7d9b' title='Show/hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-array-preview xr-preview'><span>24 18 30 20</span></div><div class='xr-array-data'><pre>array([24, 18, 30, 20])</pre></div></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-77079454-447f-4d22-811f-787f91795e12' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-77079454-447f-4d22-811f-787f91795e12' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(2)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>pname</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>()</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>&lt;U5</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>&#x27;Marie&#x27;</div><input id='attrs-ec606889-bdf6-42da-9bab-a70ac2913b4b' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' disabled><label for='attrs-ec606889-bdf6-42da-9bab-a70ac2913b4b' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-3f5cb422-8423-4070-b03b-b4bd4b30c67c' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-3f5cb422-8423-4070-b03b-b4bd4b30c67c' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array(&#x27;Marie&#x27;, dtype=&#x27;&lt;U5&#x27;)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>course</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(course)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>object</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>&#x27;course1&#x27; &#x27;course2&#x27; ... &#x27;course4&#x27;</div><input id='attrs-5f88d3d5-c089-4cb4-b9b5-60352c304741' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' disabled><label for='attrs-5f88d3d5-c089-4cb4-b9b5-60352c304741' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-277929bd-f69e-410c-8c5c-c1e7ccdd8789' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-277929bd-f69e-410c-8c5c-c1e7ccdd8789' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;course1&#x27;, &#x27;course2&#x27;, &#x27;course3&#x27;, &#x27;course4&#x27;], dtype=object)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-00e94132-ab25-462e-9423-2cf692577ee3' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  ><label for='section-00e94132-ab25-462e-9423-2cf692577ee3' class='xr-section-summary' >Indexes: <span>(1)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>course</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-98bff1f9-f851-4a39-bb63-38e2d55f171a' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-98bff1f9-f851-4a39-bb63-38e2d55f171a' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([&#x27;course1&#x27;, &#x27;course2&#x27;, &#x27;course3&#x27;, &#x27;course4&#x27;], dtype=&#x27;object&#x27;, name=&#x27;course&#x27;))</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-856b2eb9-0fe7-4524-9ac1-b7d418c998ce' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox' disabled ><label for='section-856b2eb9-0fe7-4524-9ac1-b7d418c998ce' class='xr-section-summary'  title='Expand/collapse section'>Attributes: <span>(0)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.DataArray (course: 4)>\n",
       "array([24, 18, 30, 20])\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "    pname    <U5 'Marie'\n",
       "  * course   (course) object 'course1' 'course2' 'course3' 'course4'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 89,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data.sel(pname=\"Marie\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "b8e31307-bde8-46fe-b264-187a9120dcc3",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "There are also \"attributes\" of the array that you can set (to store \"meta data\"):"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 90,
   "id": "c9e951e1-e8c7-4006-8b74-bba548d91a4b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'long_name': 'those are courses',\n",
       " 'units': 'they are grades out of 30',\n",
       " 'description': 'random fake grades data',\n",
       " 'random_attribute': 123}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 90,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data.attrs[\"long_name\"] = \"those are courses\"\n",
    "\n",
    "data.attrs[\"units\"] = \"they are grades out of 30\"\n",
    "\n",
    "data.attrs[\"description\"] = \"random fake grades data\"\n",
    "\n",
    "data.attrs[\"random_attribute\"] = 123\n",
    "\n",
    "data.attrs"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "c0d39381-1572-4aca-8c6c-96da65a89998",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### **Computations:**\n",
    "\n",
    "(here we go with nonsense operations on grades again)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 92,
   "id": "367e69d9-9f58-4c26-9fd3-fb82830a65b8",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "  height: 1.5em !important;\n",
       "  stroke-width: 0;\n",
       "  stroke: currentColor;\n",
       "  fill: currentColor;\n",
       "}\n",
       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.DataArray (pname: 11, course: 4)&gt;\n",
       "array([[34, 28, 40, 30],\n",
       "       [28, 37, 39, 37],\n",
       "       [31, 34, 38, 37],\n",
       "       [40, 40, 39, 40],\n",
       "       [34, 35, 37, 31],\n",
       "       [33, 36, 40, 40],\n",
       "       [28, 38, 36, 34],\n",
       "       [29, 30, 37, 37],\n",
       "       [34, 39, 33, 36],\n",
       "       [34, 35, 36, 40],\n",
       "       [30, 30, 28, 28]])\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * pname    (pname) object &#x27;Marie&#x27; &#x27;John&#x27; &#x27;Kati&#x27; ... &#x27;Pier&#x27; &#x27;Bennet&#x27; &#x27;Luis&#x27;\n",
       "  * course   (course) object &#x27;course1&#x27; &#x27;course2&#x27; &#x27;course3&#x27; &#x27;course4&#x27;</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.DataArray</div><div class='xr-array-name'></div><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>pname</span>: 11</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>course</span>: 4</li></ul></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><div class='xr-array-wrap'><input id='section-1a708de2-7899-4031-a41e-6f50bc7f5db9' class='xr-array-in' type='checkbox' checked><label for='section-1a708de2-7899-4031-a41e-6f50bc7f5db9' title='Show/hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-array-preview xr-preview'><span>34 28 40 30 28 37 39 37 31 34 38 ... 39 33 36 34 35 36 40 30 30 28 28</span></div><div class='xr-array-data'><pre>array([[34, 28, 40, 30],\n",
       "       [28, 37, 39, 37],\n",
       "       [31, 34, 38, 37],\n",
       "       [40, 40, 39, 40],\n",
       "       [34, 35, 37, 31],\n",
       "       [33, 36, 40, 40],\n",
       "       [28, 38, 36, 34],\n",
       "       [29, 30, 37, 37],\n",
       "       [34, 39, 33, 36],\n",
       "       [34, 35, 36, 40],\n",
       "       [30, 30, 28, 28]])</pre></div></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-f8cddae1-921e-424d-9334-dc3ed7954427' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-f8cddae1-921e-424d-9334-dc3ed7954427' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(2)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>pname</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(pname)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>object</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>&#x27;Marie&#x27; &#x27;John&#x27; ... &#x27;Bennet&#x27; &#x27;Luis&#x27;</div><input id='attrs-50e52de9-152b-4af3-a810-3d37f224e779' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' disabled><label for='attrs-50e52de9-152b-4af3-a810-3d37f224e779' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-4fba715f-6cfb-48b1-bb17-a56d0428d40b' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-4fba715f-6cfb-48b1-bb17-a56d0428d40b' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;Marie&#x27;, &#x27;John&#x27;, &#x27;Kati&#x27;, &#x27;Olaf&#x27;, &#x27;Mark&#x27;, &#x27;Olga&#x27;, &#x27;Jean&#x27;, &#x27;Alex&#x27;, &#x27;Pier&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;Bennet&#x27;, &#x27;Luis&#x27;], dtype=object)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>course</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(course)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>object</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>&#x27;course1&#x27; &#x27;course2&#x27; ... &#x27;course4&#x27;</div><input id='attrs-17eac189-5a11-4dae-8fa2-825e9b9a329b' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' disabled><label for='attrs-17eac189-5a11-4dae-8fa2-825e9b9a329b' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-47fd6d81-4be7-4392-b16b-d35e9ce03094' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-47fd6d81-4be7-4392-b16b-d35e9ce03094' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;course1&#x27;, &#x27;course2&#x27;, &#x27;course3&#x27;, &#x27;course4&#x27;], dtype=object)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-bfbd37c6-d92b-4f22-9afa-34b6aaba32b3' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  ><label for='section-bfbd37c6-d92b-4f22-9afa-34b6aaba32b3' class='xr-section-summary' >Indexes: <span>(2)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>pname</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-1d0d7e92-8c1d-441c-a47d-b7e3911fced2' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-1d0d7e92-8c1d-441c-a47d-b7e3911fced2' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([&#x27;Marie&#x27;, &#x27;John&#x27;, &#x27;Kati&#x27;, &#x27;Olaf&#x27;, &#x27;Mark&#x27;, &#x27;Olga&#x27;, &#x27;Jean&#x27;, &#x27;Alex&#x27;, &#x27;Pier&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;Bennet&#x27;, &#x27;Luis&#x27;],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;object&#x27;, name=&#x27;pname&#x27;))</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>course</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-6b7cd42a-31e5-47a3-a885-73a2f47772a7' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-6b7cd42a-31e5-47a3-a885-73a2f47772a7' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([&#x27;course1&#x27;, &#x27;course2&#x27;, &#x27;course3&#x27;, &#x27;course4&#x27;], dtype=&#x27;object&#x27;, name=&#x27;course&#x27;))</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-49870025-992b-48d6-a823-ffc77cebd031' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox' disabled ><label for='section-49870025-992b-48d6-a823-ffc77cebd031' class='xr-section-summary'  title='Expand/collapse section'>Attributes: <span>(0)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.DataArray (pname: 11, course: 4)>\n",
       "array([[34, 28, 40, 30],\n",
       "       [28, 37, 39, 37],\n",
       "       [31, 34, 38, 37],\n",
       "       [40, 40, 39, 40],\n",
       "       [34, 35, 37, 31],\n",
       "       [33, 36, 40, 40],\n",
       "       [28, 38, 36, 34],\n",
       "       [29, 30, 37, 37],\n",
       "       [34, 39, 33, 36],\n",
       "       [34, 35, 36, 40],\n",
       "       [30, 30, 28, 28]])\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * pname    (pname) object 'Marie' 'John' 'Kati' ... 'Pier' 'Bennet' 'Luis'\n",
       "  * course   (course) object 'course1' 'course2' 'course3' 'course4'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 92,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data + 10"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 93,
   "id": "60b9d087-6a61-40dd-a306-1761640d2daf",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
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       ".xr-index-data {\n",
       "  grid-column: 1 / -1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "dl.xr-attrs {\n",
       "  padding: 0;\n",
       "  margin: 0;\n",
       "  display: grid;\n",
       "  grid-template-columns: 125px auto;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt,\n",
       ".xr-attrs dd {\n",
       "  padding: 0;\n",
       "  margin: 0;\n",
       "  float: left;\n",
       "  padding-right: 10px;\n",
       "  width: auto;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt {\n",
       "  font-weight: normal;\n",
       "  grid-column: 1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt:hover span {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  background: var(--xr-background-color);\n",
       "  padding-right: 10px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dd {\n",
       "  grid-column: 2;\n",
       "  white-space: pre-wrap;\n",
       "  word-break: break-all;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-icon-database,\n",
       ".xr-icon-file-text2,\n",
       ".xr-no-icon {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "  width: 1em;\n",
       "  height: 1.5em !important;\n",
       "  stroke-width: 0;\n",
       "  stroke: currentColor;\n",
       "  fill: currentColor;\n",
       "}\n",
       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.DataArray (pname: 11, course: 4)&gt;\n",
       "array([[-0.90557836, -0.75098725, -0.98803162,  0.91294525],\n",
       "       [-0.75098725,  0.95637593, -0.66363388,  0.95637593],\n",
       "       [ 0.83665564, -0.90557836,  0.27090579,  0.95637593],\n",
       "       [-0.98803162, -0.98803162, -0.66363388, -0.98803162],\n",
       "       [-0.90557836, -0.13235175,  0.95637593,  0.83665564],\n",
       "       [-0.8462204 ,  0.76255845, -0.98803162, -0.98803162],\n",
       "       [-0.75098725,  0.27090579,  0.76255845, -0.90557836],\n",
       "       [ 0.14987721,  0.91294525,  0.95637593,  0.95637593],\n",
       "       [-0.90557836, -0.66363388, -0.8462204 ,  0.76255845],\n",
       "       [-0.90557836, -0.13235175,  0.76255845, -0.98803162],\n",
       "       [ 0.91294525,  0.91294525, -0.75098725, -0.75098725]])\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * pname    (pname) object &#x27;Marie&#x27; &#x27;John&#x27; &#x27;Kati&#x27; ... &#x27;Pier&#x27; &#x27;Bennet&#x27; &#x27;Luis&#x27;\n",
       "  * course   (course) object &#x27;course1&#x27; &#x27;course2&#x27; &#x27;course3&#x27; &#x27;course4&#x27;\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    long_name:         those are courses\n",
       "    units:             they are grades out of 30\n",
       "    description:       random fake grades data\n",
       "    random_attribute:  123</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.DataArray</div><div class='xr-array-name'></div><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>pname</span>: 11</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>course</span>: 4</li></ul></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><div class='xr-array-wrap'><input id='section-2f4d6aa0-4eeb-40f6-831a-0249fd348358' class='xr-array-in' type='checkbox' checked><label for='section-2f4d6aa0-4eeb-40f6-831a-0249fd348358' title='Show/hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-array-preview xr-preview'><span>-0.9056 -0.751 -0.988 0.9129 -0.751 ... 0.9129 0.9129 -0.751 -0.751</span></div><div class='xr-array-data'><pre>array([[-0.90557836, -0.75098725, -0.98803162,  0.91294525],\n",
       "       [-0.75098725,  0.95637593, -0.66363388,  0.95637593],\n",
       "       [ 0.83665564, -0.90557836,  0.27090579,  0.95637593],\n",
       "       [-0.98803162, -0.98803162, -0.66363388, -0.98803162],\n",
       "       [-0.90557836, -0.13235175,  0.95637593,  0.83665564],\n",
       "       [-0.8462204 ,  0.76255845, -0.98803162, -0.98803162],\n",
       "       [-0.75098725,  0.27090579,  0.76255845, -0.90557836],\n",
       "       [ 0.14987721,  0.91294525,  0.95637593,  0.95637593],\n",
       "       [-0.90557836, -0.66363388, -0.8462204 ,  0.76255845],\n",
       "       [-0.90557836, -0.13235175,  0.76255845, -0.98803162],\n",
       "       [ 0.91294525,  0.91294525, -0.75098725, -0.75098725]])</pre></div></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-205f71e0-9543-4b53-b69d-f002b2604f57' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-205f71e0-9543-4b53-b69d-f002b2604f57' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(2)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>pname</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(pname)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>object</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>&#x27;Marie&#x27; &#x27;John&#x27; ... &#x27;Bennet&#x27; &#x27;Luis&#x27;</div><input id='attrs-cfa924e9-ffe8-47fe-8126-6030545ab524' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' disabled><label for='attrs-cfa924e9-ffe8-47fe-8126-6030545ab524' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-7cad8a64-2059-4f8e-a21b-25b6c9c207f3' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-7cad8a64-2059-4f8e-a21b-25b6c9c207f3' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;Marie&#x27;, &#x27;John&#x27;, &#x27;Kati&#x27;, &#x27;Olaf&#x27;, &#x27;Mark&#x27;, &#x27;Olga&#x27;, &#x27;Jean&#x27;, &#x27;Alex&#x27;, &#x27;Pier&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;Bennet&#x27;, &#x27;Luis&#x27;], dtype=object)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>course</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(course)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>object</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>&#x27;course1&#x27; &#x27;course2&#x27; ... &#x27;course4&#x27;</div><input id='attrs-2e9fbc30-b382-43f2-b2f9-32220b0b1f4d' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' disabled><label for='attrs-2e9fbc30-b382-43f2-b2f9-32220b0b1f4d' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-70c02442-677d-4dd4-a344-c29747826751' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-70c02442-677d-4dd4-a344-c29747826751' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;course1&#x27;, &#x27;course2&#x27;, &#x27;course3&#x27;, &#x27;course4&#x27;], dtype=object)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-a362cccf-0848-4398-a122-f5d6dc84e1a5' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  ><label for='section-a362cccf-0848-4398-a122-f5d6dc84e1a5' class='xr-section-summary' >Indexes: <span>(2)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>pname</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-bed6abba-f858-40fd-a8f6-2510d9edd5c6' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-bed6abba-f858-40fd-a8f6-2510d9edd5c6' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([&#x27;Marie&#x27;, &#x27;John&#x27;, &#x27;Kati&#x27;, &#x27;Olaf&#x27;, &#x27;Mark&#x27;, &#x27;Olga&#x27;, &#x27;Jean&#x27;, &#x27;Alex&#x27;, &#x27;Pier&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;Bennet&#x27;, &#x27;Luis&#x27;],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;object&#x27;, name=&#x27;pname&#x27;))</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>course</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-1e3ad33d-3748-4c0e-8749-171c2dad5ffc' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-1e3ad33d-3748-4c0e-8749-171c2dad5ffc' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([&#x27;course1&#x27;, &#x27;course2&#x27;, &#x27;course3&#x27;, &#x27;course4&#x27;], dtype=&#x27;object&#x27;, name=&#x27;course&#x27;))</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-ade25084-dc51-454c-b8f1-7b3191a64416' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-ade25084-dc51-454c-b8f1-7b3191a64416' class='xr-section-summary' >Attributes: <span>(4)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>those are courses</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>they are grades out of 30</dd><dt><span>description :</span></dt><dd>random fake grades data</dd><dt><span>random_attribute :</span></dt><dd>123</dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.DataArray (pname: 11, course: 4)>\n",
       "array([[-0.90557836, -0.75098725, -0.98803162,  0.91294525],\n",
       "       [-0.75098725,  0.95637593, -0.66363388,  0.95637593],\n",
       "       [ 0.83665564, -0.90557836,  0.27090579,  0.95637593],\n",
       "       [-0.98803162, -0.98803162, -0.66363388, -0.98803162],\n",
       "       [-0.90557836, -0.13235175,  0.95637593,  0.83665564],\n",
       "       [-0.8462204 ,  0.76255845, -0.98803162, -0.98803162],\n",
       "       [-0.75098725,  0.27090579,  0.76255845, -0.90557836],\n",
       "       [ 0.14987721,  0.91294525,  0.95637593,  0.95637593],\n",
       "       [-0.90557836, -0.66363388, -0.8462204 ,  0.76255845],\n",
       "       [-0.90557836, -0.13235175,  0.76255845, -0.98803162],\n",
       "       [ 0.91294525,  0.91294525, -0.75098725, -0.75098725]])\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * pname    (pname) object 'Marie' 'John' 'Kati' ... 'Pier' 'Bennet' 'Luis'\n",
       "  * course   (course) object 'course1' 'course2' 'course3' 'course4'\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    long_name:         those are courses\n",
       "    units:             they are grades out of 30\n",
       "    description:       random fake grades data\n",
       "    random_attribute:  123"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 93,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.sin(data)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 101,
   "id": "020224d5-024b-4fb2-a9f3-af9cc0be8cb0",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<xarray.DataArray ()>\n",
      "array(1090)\n",
      "<xarray.DataArray (pname: 11)>\n",
      "array([ 92, 101, 100, 119,  97, 109,  96,  93, 102, 105,  76])\n",
      "Coordinates:\n",
      "  * pname    (pname) object 'Marie' 'John' 'Kati' ... 'Pier' 'Bennet' 'Luis'\n",
      "<xarray.DataArray (course: 4)>\n",
      "array([22.27272727, 24.72727273, 26.63636364, 25.45454545])\n",
      "Coordinates:\n",
      "  * course   (course) object 'course1' 'course2' 'course3' 'course4'\n",
      "<xarray.DataArray (pname: 11)>\n",
      "array([23.  , 25.25, 25.  , 29.75, 24.25, 27.25, 24.  , 23.25, 25.5 ,\n",
      "       26.25, 19.  ])\n",
      "Coordinates:\n",
      "  * pname    (pname) object 'Marie' 'John' 'Kati' ... 'Pier' 'Bennet' 'Luis'\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#help(data)\n",
    "print(data.sum())\n",
    "print(data.sum(axis=1))\n",
    "print(data.mean(axis=0))\n",
    "print(data.mean(dim=\"course\"))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "7032075a-5ea1-4e52-99db-793b72992ad4",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### **Plotting:**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 116,
   "id": "e6d91a87-b9d9-45af-827e-e05a664bd403",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Text(0.5, 1.0, 'This is a title')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 116,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 640x480 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#if the data makes sense to just plot, it can be done with just \"plot\"\n",
    "#labels are taken from attributes, you can overwite with matplotlib\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "data[2:].plot.hist()\n",
    "plt.title(\"This is a title\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "9de50e4d-dec4-41cb-b77b-396a39730d86",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "[Documentaion](https://docs.xarray.dev/en/stable/user-guide/plotting.html#plotting) for plotting says you always need `import matplotlib.pyplot as plt`, but it seems to work fine for me without doing that if you are not making modifications to the default picture. That link also has a lot of plotting examples you might want to use if you work with complicated data."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "c177b599-9745-49a5-a807-68d53c0f1b54",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### **DataSets:**\n",
    "\n",
    "DataSet is a dict-like container of DataArray objects aligned along any number of shared dimensions, and serves a similar purpose in xarray to the pandas.DataFrame.\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 120,
   "id": "ce0a9579-3430-4de3-afac-cd4808f51e03",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "  --xr-background-color-row-even: var(--jp-layout-color1, white);\n",
       "  --xr-background-color-row-odd: var(--jp-layout-color2, #eeeeee);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "html[theme=dark],\n",
       "body[data-theme=dark],\n",
       "body.vscode-dark {\n",
       "  --xr-font-color0: rgba(255, 255, 255, 1);\n",
       "  --xr-font-color2: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.54);\n",
       "  --xr-font-color3: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.38);\n",
       "  --xr-border-color: #1F1F1F;\n",
       "  --xr-disabled-color: #515151;\n",
       "  --xr-background-color: #111111;\n",
       "  --xr-background-color-row-even: #111111;\n",
       "  --xr-background-color-row-odd: #313131;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-wrap {\n",
       "  display: block !important;\n",
       "  min-width: 300px;\n",
       "  max-width: 700px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-text-repr-fallback {\n",
       "  /* fallback to plain text repr when CSS is not injected (untrusted notebook) */\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-header {\n",
       "  padding-top: 6px;\n",
       "  padding-bottom: 6px;\n",
       "  margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
       "  border-bottom: solid 1px var(--xr-border-color);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-header > div,\n",
       ".xr-header > ul {\n",
       "  display: inline;\n",
       "  margin-top: 0;\n",
       "  margin-bottom: 0;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-obj-type,\n",
       ".xr-array-name {\n",
       "  margin-left: 2px;\n",
       "  margin-right: 10px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-obj-type {\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-sections {\n",
       "  padding-left: 0 !important;\n",
       "  display: grid;\n",
       "  grid-template-columns: 150px auto auto 1fr 20px 20px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-item {\n",
       "  display: contents;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-item input {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-item input + label {\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-disabled-color);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-item input:enabled + label {\n",
       "  cursor: pointer;\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-item input:enabled + label:hover {\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color0);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary {\n",
       "  grid-column: 1;\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color2);\n",
       "  font-weight: 500;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary > span {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  padding-left: 0.5em;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in:disabled + label {\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in + label:before {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  content: '►';\n",
       "  font-size: 11px;\n",
       "  width: 15px;\n",
       "  text-align: center;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in:disabled + label:before {\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-disabled-color);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in:checked + label:before {\n",
       "  content: '▼';\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in:checked + label > span {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary,\n",
       ".xr-section-inline-details {\n",
       "  padding-top: 4px;\n",
       "  padding-bottom: 4px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-inline-details {\n",
       "  grid-column: 2 / -1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-details {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "  grid-column: 1 / -1;\n",
       "  margin-bottom: 5px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-section-summary-in:checked ~ .xr-section-details {\n",
       "  display: contents;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-array-wrap {\n",
       "  grid-column: 1 / -1;\n",
       "  display: grid;\n",
       "  grid-template-columns: 20px auto;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-array-wrap > label {\n",
       "  grid-column: 1;\n",
       "  vertical-align: top;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-preview {\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color3);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-array-preview,\n",
       ".xr-array-data {\n",
       "  padding: 0 5px !important;\n",
       "  grid-column: 2;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-array-data,\n",
       ".xr-array-in:checked ~ .xr-array-preview {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-array-in:checked ~ .xr-array-data,\n",
       ".xr-array-preview {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-dim-list {\n",
       "  display: inline-block !important;\n",
       "  list-style: none;\n",
       "  padding: 0 !important;\n",
       "  margin: 0;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-dim-list li {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  padding: 0;\n",
       "  margin: 0;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-dim-list:before {\n",
       "  content: '(';\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-dim-list:after {\n",
       "  content: ')';\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-dim-list li:not(:last-child):after {\n",
       "  content: ',';\n",
       "  padding-right: 5px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-has-index {\n",
       "  font-weight: bold;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-list,\n",
       ".xr-var-item {\n",
       "  display: contents;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-item > div,\n",
       ".xr-var-item label,\n",
       ".xr-var-item > .xr-var-name span {\n",
       "  background-color: var(--xr-background-color-row-even);\n",
       "  margin-bottom: 0;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-item > .xr-var-name:hover span {\n",
       "  padding-right: 5px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-list > li:nth-child(odd) > div,\n",
       ".xr-var-list > li:nth-child(odd) > label,\n",
       ".xr-var-list > li:nth-child(odd) > .xr-var-name span {\n",
       "  background-color: var(--xr-background-color-row-odd);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-name {\n",
       "  grid-column: 1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-dims {\n",
       "  grid-column: 2;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-dtype {\n",
       "  grid-column: 3;\n",
       "  text-align: right;\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-preview {\n",
       "  grid-column: 4;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-index-preview {\n",
       "  grid-column: 2 / 5;\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-name,\n",
       ".xr-var-dims,\n",
       ".xr-var-dtype,\n",
       ".xr-preview,\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt {\n",
       "  white-space: nowrap;\n",
       "  overflow: hidden;\n",
       "  text-overflow: ellipsis;\n",
       "  padding-right: 10px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-name:hover,\n",
       ".xr-var-dims:hover,\n",
       ".xr-var-dtype:hover,\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt:hover {\n",
       "  overflow: visible;\n",
       "  width: auto;\n",
       "  z-index: 1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-attrs,\n",
       ".xr-var-data,\n",
       ".xr-index-data {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "  background-color: var(--xr-background-color) !important;\n",
       "  padding-bottom: 5px !important;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-attrs-in:checked ~ .xr-var-attrs,\n",
       ".xr-var-data-in:checked ~ .xr-var-data,\n",
       ".xr-index-data-in:checked ~ .xr-index-data {\n",
       "  display: block;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-data > table {\n",
       "  float: right;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-name span,\n",
       ".xr-var-data,\n",
       ".xr-index-name div,\n",
       ".xr-index-data,\n",
       ".xr-attrs {\n",
       "  padding-left: 25px !important;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs,\n",
       ".xr-var-attrs,\n",
       ".xr-var-data,\n",
       ".xr-index-data {\n",
       "  grid-column: 1 / -1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "dl.xr-attrs {\n",
       "  padding: 0;\n",
       "  margin: 0;\n",
       "  display: grid;\n",
       "  grid-template-columns: 125px auto;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt,\n",
       ".xr-attrs dd {\n",
       "  padding: 0;\n",
       "  margin: 0;\n",
       "  float: left;\n",
       "  padding-right: 10px;\n",
       "  width: auto;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt {\n",
       "  font-weight: normal;\n",
       "  grid-column: 1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt:hover span {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  background: var(--xr-background-color);\n",
       "  padding-right: 10px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dd {\n",
       "  grid-column: 2;\n",
       "  white-space: pre-wrap;\n",
       "  word-break: break-all;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-icon-database,\n",
       ".xr-icon-file-text2,\n",
       ".xr-no-icon {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "  width: 1em;\n",
       "  height: 1.5em !important;\n",
       "  stroke-width: 0;\n",
       "  stroke: currentColor;\n",
       "  fill: currentColor;\n",
       "}\n",
       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.Dataset&gt;\n",
       "Dimensions:  (pname: 11, course: 4)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * pname    (pname) object &#x27;Marie&#x27; &#x27;John&#x27; &#x27;Kati&#x27; ... &#x27;Pier&#x27; &#x27;Bennet&#x27; &#x27;Luis&#x27;\n",
       "  * course   (course) object &#x27;course1&#x27; &#x27;course2&#x27; &#x27;course3&#x27; &#x27;course4&#x27;\n",
       "Data variables:\n",
       "    grades   (pname, course) int64 24 18 30 20 18 27 29 ... 25 26 30 20 20 18 18</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.Dataset</div></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-242ae62b-6a0c-4dc0-9942-cd8925ae3dbb' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox' disabled ><label for='section-242ae62b-6a0c-4dc0-9942-cd8925ae3dbb' class='xr-section-summary'  title='Expand/collapse section'>Dimensions:</label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>pname</span>: 11</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>course</span>: 4</li></ul></div><div class='xr-section-details'></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-e5f111d9-c6ae-408c-8c96-51c9bba96aef' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-e5f111d9-c6ae-408c-8c96-51c9bba96aef' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(2)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>pname</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(pname)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>object</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>&#x27;Marie&#x27; &#x27;John&#x27; ... &#x27;Bennet&#x27; &#x27;Luis&#x27;</div><input id='attrs-c8381e46-18dd-40cb-93f5-5078aaf749ba' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' disabled><label for='attrs-c8381e46-18dd-40cb-93f5-5078aaf749ba' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-3b6bf91d-681e-4a74-a713-494232a05c99' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-3b6bf91d-681e-4a74-a713-494232a05c99' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;Marie&#x27;, &#x27;John&#x27;, &#x27;Kati&#x27;, &#x27;Olaf&#x27;, &#x27;Mark&#x27;, &#x27;Olga&#x27;, &#x27;Jean&#x27;, &#x27;Alex&#x27;, &#x27;Pier&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;Bennet&#x27;, &#x27;Luis&#x27;], dtype=object)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>course</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(course)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>object</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>&#x27;course1&#x27; &#x27;course2&#x27; ... &#x27;course4&#x27;</div><input id='attrs-130a6e9d-23bc-49ae-9e31-7d1a1f7a33e6' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' disabled><label for='attrs-130a6e9d-23bc-49ae-9e31-7d1a1f7a33e6' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-192e0289-69b6-449a-815b-91669cd8a9c3' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-192e0289-69b6-449a-815b-91669cd8a9c3' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;course1&#x27;, &#x27;course2&#x27;, &#x27;course3&#x27;, &#x27;course4&#x27;], dtype=object)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-7c823b9a-ced0-41fb-8a01-057fe3be8599' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-7c823b9a-ced0-41fb-8a01-057fe3be8599' class='xr-section-summary' >Data variables: <span>(1)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>grades</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(pname, course)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>int64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>24 18 30 20 18 ... 30 20 20 18 18</div><input id='attrs-df4b36ab-1669-4a9e-86ce-3ebe3a6ee14f' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-df4b36ab-1669-4a9e-86ce-3ebe3a6ee14f' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-a2f02ab0-adbc-4e07-907a-3e792a688d95' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-a2f02ab0-adbc-4e07-907a-3e792a688d95' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>those are courses</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>they are grades out of 30</dd><dt><span>description :</span></dt><dd>random fake grades data</dd><dt><span>random_attribute :</span></dt><dd>123</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([[24, 18, 30, 20],\n",
       "       [18, 27, 29, 27],\n",
       "       [21, 24, 28, 27],\n",
       "       [30, 30, 29, 30],\n",
       "       [24, 25, 27, 21],\n",
       "       [23, 26, 30, 30],\n",
       "       [18, 28, 26, 24],\n",
       "       [19, 20, 27, 27],\n",
       "       [24, 29, 23, 26],\n",
       "       [24, 25, 26, 30],\n",
       "       [20, 20, 18, 18]])</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-d9640c3a-a529-4173-a0b4-88282419146e' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  ><label for='section-d9640c3a-a529-4173-a0b4-88282419146e' class='xr-section-summary' >Indexes: <span>(2)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>pname</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-dd91b889-51aa-4371-98f2-be7dde209b5e' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-dd91b889-51aa-4371-98f2-be7dde209b5e' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([&#x27;Marie&#x27;, &#x27;John&#x27;, &#x27;Kati&#x27;, &#x27;Olaf&#x27;, &#x27;Mark&#x27;, &#x27;Olga&#x27;, &#x27;Jean&#x27;, &#x27;Alex&#x27;, &#x27;Pier&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;Bennet&#x27;, &#x27;Luis&#x27;],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;object&#x27;, name=&#x27;pname&#x27;))</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>course</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-e43ce2f0-26bc-4206-9261-48475e0999e3' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-e43ce2f0-26bc-4206-9261-48475e0999e3' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([&#x27;course1&#x27;, &#x27;course2&#x27;, &#x27;course3&#x27;, &#x27;course4&#x27;], dtype=&#x27;object&#x27;, name=&#x27;course&#x27;))</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-a3b47a59-6b05-4b74-9b85-f62d722980d2' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox' disabled ><label for='section-a3b47a59-6b05-4b74-9b85-f62d722980d2' class='xr-section-summary'  title='Expand/collapse section'>Attributes: <span>(0)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.Dataset>\n",
       "Dimensions:  (pname: 11, course: 4)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * pname    (pname) object 'Marie' 'John' 'Kati' ... 'Pier' 'Bennet' 'Luis'\n",
       "  * course   (course) object 'course1' 'course2' 'course3' 'course4'\n",
       "Data variables:\n",
       "    grades   (pname, course) int64 24 18 30 20 18 27 29 ... 25 26 30 20 20 18 18"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 120,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#the easiest is to create it from an array\n",
    "ds=data.to_dataset(name=\"grades\")\n",
    "ds"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "c55d3d95-12c9-4e30-877e-81a35a12eba6",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### **NetCDF**\n",
    "\n",
    "NetCDF (Network Common Data Form) is a set of software libraries and machine-independent data formats that support the creation, access, and sharing of array-oriented scientific data. It is also a community standard for sharing scientific data.\n",
    "\n",
    "[Wikipedia link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetCDF)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 121,
   "id": "4799707c-25da-441d-aea1-3f260cb56d24",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.Dataset&gt;\n",
       "Dimensions:  (pname: 11, course: 4)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * pname    (pname) object &#x27;Marie&#x27; &#x27;John&#x27; &#x27;Kati&#x27; ... &#x27;Pier&#x27; &#x27;Bennet&#x27; &#x27;Luis&#x27;\n",
       "  * course   (course) object &#x27;course1&#x27; &#x27;course2&#x27; &#x27;course3&#x27; &#x27;course4&#x27;\n",
       "Data variables:\n",
       "    grades   (pname, course) int64 ...</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.Dataset</div></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-559571a0-7334-4fd1-b80e-77a46dd4f554' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox' disabled ><label for='section-559571a0-7334-4fd1-b80e-77a46dd4f554' class='xr-section-summary'  title='Expand/collapse section'>Dimensions:</label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>pname</span>: 11</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>course</span>: 4</li></ul></div><div class='xr-section-details'></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-aed26c03-b869-4163-aeca-762cb75b3daf' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-aed26c03-b869-4163-aeca-762cb75b3daf' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(2)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>pname</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(pname)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>object</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>&#x27;Marie&#x27; &#x27;John&#x27; ... &#x27;Bennet&#x27; &#x27;Luis&#x27;</div><input id='attrs-0a9f1117-f516-4387-b009-e9683021e0f9' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' disabled><label for='attrs-0a9f1117-f516-4387-b009-e9683021e0f9' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-73a1e55d-0eb8-406b-8660-742358d52d88' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-73a1e55d-0eb8-406b-8660-742358d52d88' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;Marie&#x27;, &#x27;John&#x27;, &#x27;Kati&#x27;, &#x27;Olaf&#x27;, &#x27;Mark&#x27;, &#x27;Olga&#x27;, &#x27;Jean&#x27;, &#x27;Alex&#x27;, &#x27;Pier&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;Bennet&#x27;, &#x27;Luis&#x27;], dtype=object)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>course</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(course)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>object</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>&#x27;course1&#x27; &#x27;course2&#x27; ... &#x27;course4&#x27;</div><input id='attrs-bc1a5be4-a3a3-4e3c-ba4e-e6c981c9f6c1' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' disabled><label for='attrs-bc1a5be4-a3a3-4e3c-ba4e-e6c981c9f6c1' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-ad72caea-29d1-45f8-9a7b-1f72024b90bf' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-ad72caea-29d1-45f8-9a7b-1f72024b90bf' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([&#x27;course1&#x27;, &#x27;course2&#x27;, &#x27;course3&#x27;, &#x27;course4&#x27;], dtype=object)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-f993779e-08a1-43bf-b2bf-72ba0ce2476a' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-f993779e-08a1-43bf-b2bf-72ba0ce2476a' class='xr-section-summary' >Data variables: <span>(1)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>grades</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(pname, course)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>int64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-e5f6251e-959b-491f-92ae-3fb7393bc063' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-e5f6251e-959b-491f-92ae-3fb7393bc063' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-e2944569-acf2-48a1-9fa6-79c166ea2998' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-e2944569-acf2-48a1-9fa6-79c166ea2998' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>those are courses</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>they are grades out of 30</dd><dt><span>description :</span></dt><dd>random fake grades data</dd><dt><span>random_attribute :</span></dt><dd>123</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>[44 values with dtype=int64]</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-26476c99-1852-4754-b39a-216a29b9a2e2' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  ><label for='section-26476c99-1852-4754-b39a-216a29b9a2e2' class='xr-section-summary' >Indexes: <span>(2)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>pname</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-7a022357-a75a-4afc-a5e1-7b1259c74cf0' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-7a022357-a75a-4afc-a5e1-7b1259c74cf0' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([&#x27;Marie&#x27;, &#x27;John&#x27;, &#x27;Kati&#x27;, &#x27;Olaf&#x27;, &#x27;Mark&#x27;, &#x27;Olga&#x27;, &#x27;Jean&#x27;, &#x27;Alex&#x27;, &#x27;Pier&#x27;,\n",
       "       &#x27;Bennet&#x27;, &#x27;Luis&#x27;],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;object&#x27;, name=&#x27;pname&#x27;))</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>course</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-3ea0859d-6894-43a2-abb9-e7d4a5d7a940' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-3ea0859d-6894-43a2-abb9-e7d4a5d7a940' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([&#x27;course1&#x27;, &#x27;course2&#x27;, &#x27;course3&#x27;, &#x27;course4&#x27;], dtype=&#x27;object&#x27;, name=&#x27;course&#x27;))</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-6ea9cf96-4af7-4194-ae4a-2b02e5004dcc' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox' disabled ><label for='section-6ea9cf96-4af7-4194-ae4a-2b02e5004dcc' class='xr-section-summary'  title='Expand/collapse section'>Attributes: <span>(0)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.Dataset>\n",
       "Dimensions:  (pname: 11, course: 4)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * pname    (pname) object 'Marie' 'John' 'Kati' ... 'Pier' 'Bennet' 'Luis'\n",
       "  * course   (course) object 'course1' 'course2' 'course3' 'course4'\n",
       "Data variables:\n",
       "    grades   (pname, course) int64 ..."
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 121,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ds.to_netcdf(\"example.nc\")\n",
    "\n",
    "reopened = xr.open_dataset(\"example.nc\")\n",
    "\n",
    "reopened"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "2fd27b90-0761-4780-a593-615844fd5c7d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python [conda env:my_env2] *",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "conda-env-my_env2-py"
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  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
   "version": "3.10.8"
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