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APD_categorical_values.csv

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allowed_values_levelstraitcategorical_trait_descriptioncategorical_trait_synonymscategorical_trait_identifier
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eucalypt_boxbark_morphology_eucalyptusEucalyptus, Corymbia or Angophora taxa with "Box" type bark.NAbark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_box
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eucalypt_gumbark_morphology_eucalyptusEucalyptus, Corymbia or Angophora taxa with "Gum" type bark.NAbark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_gum
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eucalypt_stockingbark_morphology_eucalyptusEucalyptus, Corymbia or Angophora taxa with "Gum" type bark above a rough barked stocking.NAbark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_stocking
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eucalypt_ironbarkbark_morphology_eucalyptusEucalyptus, Corymbia or Angophora taxa with "Ironbark" type bark.NAbark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_ironbark
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eucalypt_peppermintbark_morphology_eucalyptusEucalyptus, Corymbia or Angophora taxa with "Peppermint" type bark.NAbark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_peppermint
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eucalypt_stringybarkbark_morphology_eucalyptusEucalyptus, Corymbia or Angophora taxa with "Stringy" type bark.NAbark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_stringybark
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eucalypt_ribbonbarkbark_morphology_eucalyptusEucalyptus, Corymbia or Angophora taxa with "Gum" type bark that sheds in ribbons.NAbark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_ribbonbark
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calcicoleplant_tolerance_calcicolePlants are tolerant of basic soils, such as calcareous sands and limestone derived soils.NAplant_tolerance_calcicole_calcicole
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calcifugeplant_tolerance_calcicolePlants are intolerant of basic soils.acidophilousplant_tolerance_calcicole_calcifuge
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groundcompetitive_stratumGraminoids, herbs and ferns reaching maximum heights of c. 0.2-1 m.NAcompetitive_stratum_ground
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midcompetitive_stratumShrubs reaching maximum heights of c. 1-2 m.NAcompetitive_stratum_mid
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uppercompetitive_stratumTall shrubs reaching maximum heights of c. 3-5 m.NAcompetitive_stratum_upper
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post_fire_ephemeralcompetitive_stratumTaxa that avoid competition with other strata by rapidly completing their life cycle after fire; a sub-category of 'ground'.NAcompetitive_stratum_post_fire_ephemeral
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foliaceouscotyledon_functionCotyledons are photosynthetic and function as leaves.NAcotyledon_function_foliaceous
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reservecotyledon_functionCotyledons function as energy reserve organs.NAcotyledon_function_reserve
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cryptocotylarcotyledon_positionA type of seed germination in which the cotyledons remain within the seed coat at germination.NAcotyledon_position_cryptocotylar
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phanerocotylarcotyledon_positionA type of seed germination in which the cotyledons emerge from the seed coat.NAcotyledon_position_phanerocotylar
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glabrouscotyledon_hairsCotyledons lack hairs.NAcotyledon_hairs_glabrous
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hairycotyledon_hairsCotyledons have hairs.NAcotyledon_hairs_hairy
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epigealseedling_germination_locationGerminant with one or more cotyledons emerging aboveground.NAseedling_germination_location_epigeal
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hypogealseedling_germination_locationGerminant with all cotyledons remaining belowground.NAseedling_germination_location_hypogeal
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arildispersal_appendageFleshy outgrowth of a seed, that often attracts animals like birds or ants.NAdispersal_appendage_aril
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bristlesdispersal_appendageBristle-like projections. Trait value includes awns, which are slender, bristle-like projections in some grasses.NAdispersal_appendage_bristles
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bracts_and_glumesdispersal_appendageWhen the bracts below the inflorescence are persistent and functional as dispersal appendages. This includes persistent glumes, the modified membranous bracts in the family Poaceae that surround the spikelet of a grass.NAdispersal_appendage_bracts_and_glumes
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elaiosomedispersal_appendageFleshy (often fatty) appendage on seeds that attracts ants.NAdispersal_appendage_elaiosome
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fleshy_rewarddispersal_appendageBroad term that includes a suite of appendages that provides a fleshy reward to attract dispersers; highest level of resolution available for some studies.NAdispersal_appendage_fleshy_reward
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floating_seeddispersal_appendageSeed that is dispersed by floating on water.NAdispersal_appendage_floating_seed
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flotation_scalesdispersal_appendageScales enhancing flotation, thereby assisting with dispersal.NAdispersal_appendage_flotation_scales
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floral_partsdispersal_appendageWhen some plant floral parts (the petals, sepals, or style) are persistent and aid in seed and fruit dispersal. This is a broad term not explicitly suggesting a dispersal mechanism.NAdispersal_appendage_floral_parts
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hairsdispersal_appendageModified hairs that aid in seed dispersal.NAdispersal_appendage_hairs
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hooksdispersal_appendageA rear-facing point, as in a fish hook that aids in seed and fruit dispersal.NAdispersal_appendage_hooks
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inflated_partsdispersal_appendageWhen some part of the seed, fruit, or associated tissues is inflated, aiding in seed or fruit dispersal.NAdispersal_appendage_inflated_parts
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nonedispersal_appendageWhen a fruit and associated tissues lack any dispersal appendages. Includes exarillate and taxa with explicitly deciduous pappus.NAdispersal_appendage_none
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pappusdispersal_appendageThe calyx in Asteraceae that has been modified into bristles, hairs, scales or awns that are attached to the apex of the fruit. Taxa assigned this trait value have a persistent pappus that aids in dispersal, often, but not exclusively through wind dispersal. The pappus can also assist with flotation.NAdispersal_appendage_pappus
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plumosedispersal_appendageFruit, seed, style, or other floral component that is plumose and assists with dispersal.NAdispersal_appendage_plumose
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receptacledispersal_appendageFleshy receptacle that aids in dispersal.NAdispersal_appendage_receptacle
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sarcotestadispersal_appendageFleshy seed coat that aids in dispersal.NAdispersal_appendage_sarcotesta
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spinesdispersal_appendageSpines that aid in dispersal.NAdispersal_appendage_spines
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tumbleweeddispersal_appendagePlant growth form, whereby the aboveground plant component detaches from the roots and is readily rolled by wind across the ground, aiding in dispersal.NAdispersal_appendage_tumbleweed
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wingsdispersal_appendageReferring to wing-like seed extensions that aid in wind dispersal.NAdispersal_appendage_wings
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wing_or_plumedispersal_appendageBroad term that includes a suite of appendages that aid in wind dispersal; highest level of resolution available for some studies.NAdispersal_appendage_wing_or_plume
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anemochorydispersal_syndromeDiaspore is dispersed by wind.winddispersal_syndrome_anemochory
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anthrochorydispersal_syndromeDiaspore is dispersed by humans, either intentionally or unintentionally.NAdispersal_syndrome_anthrochory
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atelochorydispersal_syndromeDiaspore dispersal is prevented.antitelochorydispersal_syndrome_atelochory
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autochorydispersal_syndromeDiaspore is dispersed by methods originating from the parent plant or diaspore.NAdispersal_syndrome_autochory
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ballisticdispersal_syndromeSeeds are launched away from the plant by explosion as soon as the seed capsule opens.NAdispersal_syndrome_ballistic
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barochorydispersal_syndromeDiaspores are dispersed without assistance.gravity, mobile, unassisted, passivedispersal_syndrome_barochory
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chamaechorydispersal_syndromeDiaspore is dispersed by being rolled along ground surface by wind.NAdispersal_syndrome_chamaechory
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endozoochorydispersal_syndromeDiaspore is ingested by animals, either intentionally or accidentally, then transported before being deposited.ingestiondispersal_syndrome_endozoochory
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epizoochorydispersal_syndromeDiaspore is dispersed by accidentally attaching itself to the outside of an animal vector.ectozoochory, exozoochorydispersal_syndrome_epizoochory
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hydrochorydispersal_syndromeDiaspore is dispersed on the surface of water.waterdispersal_syndrome_hydrochory
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myrmecochorydispersal_syndromeDiaspores have elaiosomes (specialised nutritious appendages) that make them attractive for capture, transport and use by ants or related insects.NAdispersal_syndrome_myrmecochory
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undefineddispersal_syndromeDispersal mechanism unknown.unknowndispersal_syndrome_undefined
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zoochorydispersal_syndromeDiaspore is dispersed by animals, by an undescribed mechanism.NAdispersal_syndrome_zoochory
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fruitdispersal_unitDispersal unit is a fruit.NAdispersal_unit_fruit
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seeddispersal_unitDispersal unit is a seed.NAdispersal_unit_seed
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sporedispersal_unitDispersal unit is a spore.NAdispersal_unit_spore
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seedlingdispersal_unitDispersal unit is a seedling.viviparousdispersal_unit_seedling
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indigenous_peopledispersersIndigenous people disperse the fruit through traditional practices.NAdispersers_indigenous_people
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abioticdispersersFruits are dispersed by unspecified abiotic mechanisms.NAdispersers_abiotic
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antsdispersersAnts are an important fruit dispersal agent.NAdispersers_ants
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animalsdispersersAnimals are an important fruit dispersal agent.NAdispersers_animals
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batsdispersersBats are an important fruit dispersal agent.NAdispersers_bats
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birdsdispersersBirds are an important fruit dispersal agent.NAdispersers_birds
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cassowariesdispersersCassowaries, in contrast to smaller flying birds, are an important fruit dispersal agent.NAdispersers_cassowaries
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fishdispersersFish are an important fruit dispersal agent.NAdispersers_fish
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floodsdispersersFloods are an important fruit dispersal agent.NAdispersers_floods
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flying_vertebratesdispersersFlying birds and bats are important fruit dispersal agents.NAdispersers_flying_vertebrates
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flying_foxesdispersersFlying foxes are an important fruit dispersal agent.NAdispersers_flying_foxes
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garden_refusedispersersFruit are dispersed through garden refuse.NAdispersers_garden_refuse
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insectsdispersersInsects are an important fruit dispersal agent.NAdispersers_insects
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invertebratesdispersersInvertebrates are an important fruit dispersal agent.NAdispersers_invertebrates
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mammalsdispersersMammals are an important fruit dispersal agent.NAdispersers_mammals
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mammals_domesticdispersersDomesticated ammals are an important fruit dispersal agent.NAdispersers_mammals_domestic
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non-flying_vertebratesdispersersMammals and non-flying birds (i.e. cassowary, emu) are important fruit dispersal agents.NAdispersers_non-flying_vertebrates
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passivedispersersThere is no special dispersal agent.NAdispersers_passive
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raindispersersRain is an important fruit dispersal agent; the diaspore is propelled by action of rain on plant structure or the wetting of the plant structure by rain or dew.NAdispersers_rain
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rodentsdispersersRodents are an important fruit dispersal agent.NAdispersers_rodents
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vehiclesdispersersVehicles are an important dispersal agent, such as through mud on tyres.NAdispersers_vehicles
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vertebratesdispersersVertebrates are an important fruit dispersal agent.NAdispersers_vertebrates
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winddispersersWind is an important fruit dispersal agent.NAdispersers_wind
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waterdispersersWater is an important fruit dispersal agent.NAdispersers_water
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water_currentsdispersersWater currents are an important fruit dispersal agent; the diaspore may be either floating or submerged in fresh/saltwater currents.NAdispersers_water_currents
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morphophysiological_dormancyseed_dormancy_classSeeds exhibit morphophysiological dormancy, with both morphological and physiological dormancy mechanisms that must be overcome.NAseed_dormancy_class_morphophysiological_dormancy
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morphological_dormancyseed_dormancy_classSeeds exhibit morphological dormancy, generally because an underdeveloped embryo needs to grow.NAseed_dormancy_class_morphological_dormancy
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non_dormantseed_dormancy_classSeeds are non-dormant.NAseed_dormancy_class_non_dormant
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physical_dormancyseed_dormancy_classSeeds exhibit physical dormancy, due to one or more water-impermeable layers in the seed coat.NAseed_dormancy_class_physical_dormancy
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physiological_dormancyseed_dormancy_classSeeds exhibit physiological dormancy, whereby chemical changes are required within the seed to break dormancy, including temperature stratification and after-ripening.NAseed_dormancy_class_physiological_dormancy
90
colourlessembryo_colourColourless embryo.NAembryo_colour_colourless
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greenembryo_colourGreen embryo.NAembryo_colour_green
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aquatic_taxonfire_exposure_levelPlants rarely or never experience fires because they are aquatic.NAfire_exposure_level_aquatic_taxon
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fire_avoidance_among_rocksfire_exposure_levelPlants rarely experience fires because their habitat is restricted to rocky outcrops or rock pavement.NAfire_exposure_level_fire_avoidance_among_rocks
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fire_avoidance_near_waterfire_exposure_levelPlants rarely or never experience fires because their habitat is close to a body of water.NAfire_exposure_level_fire_avoidance_near_water
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fire_avoidance_in_swampfire_exposure_levelPlants rarely experience fires because their habitat is usually saturated, but populations can be catastrophically impacted during severe droughts when the swamps dry out.NAfire_exposure_level_fire_avoidance_in_swamp
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seasonal_fire_avoidancefire_exposure_levelPlants avoid fire by only have above-ground parts during seasons when fire is rare or absent, but populations can be catastrophically impacted if fire occurs during an atypical season.NAfire_exposure_level_seasonal_fire_avoidance
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fire_killedresprouting_capacityFewer than 30% of plants resprout following a fire with 100% leaf scorch.fire-sensitiveresprouting_capacity_fire_killed
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resproutsresprouting_capacityMore than 70% of plants resprout following a fire with 100% leaf scorch.NAresprouting_capacity_resprouts
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partial_resproutingresprouting_capacityBetween 30-70% of plants resprout following a fire with 100% leaf scorch.NAresprouting_capacity_partial_resprouting
100
juvenile_fire_killedresprouting_capacity_juvenileFew to no juvenile plants resprout following fire with 100% leaf scorch.NAresprouting_capacity_juvenile_juvenile_fire_killed
101
juvenile_resproutresprouting_capacity_juvenileMore than 50% of juvenile plants survive and resprout following fire with 100% leaf scorch.NAresprouting_capacity_juvenile_juvenile_resprout
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juvenile_moderate_fire_killedresprouting_capacity_juvenile25-50% of juvenile plants resprout following fire with 100% leaf scorch.NAresprouting_capacity_juvenile_juvenile_moderate_fire_killed
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establish_post_fireseedling_establishment_conditionsSeedling establishment occurs following fire.NAseedling_establishment_conditions_establish_post_fire
104
establish_post_disturbanceseedling_establishment_conditionsSeedling establishment occurs following disturbances that increase light levels at the ground surface, but the type of disturbance is not documented.NAseedling_establishment_conditions_establish_post_disturbance
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establish_anytimeseedling_establishment_conditionsSeedlings can establish immediately following a disturbance and in later years as vegetation ages, right thru to mature and over-mature vegetationNAseedling_establishment_conditions_establish_anytime
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establish_intermediate_to_mature_vegetationseedling_establishment_conditionsSeedlings require some environmental characteristics not found in vegetation straight after fires to establish, for they cannot establish within the first season or two after fire but can establish in older vegetation (including mature to over-mature vegetation).NAseedling_establishment_conditions_establish_intermediate_to_mature_vegetation
107
post_fire_recruitmentpost_fire_recruitmentPlants that germinate post-fire.NApost_fire_recruitment_post_fire_recruitment
108
post_fire_recruitment_absentpost_fire_recruitmentPlants that do not show increased seeding following fire.NApost_fire_recruitment_post_fire_recruitment_absent
109
fire_dependent_floweringpost_fire_floweringPlants predominantly flower after a fire, usually within the first 1-4 growing seasons following the fire.NApost_fire_flowering_fire_dependent_flowering
110
fire_enhanced_floweringpost_fire_floweringFlowering is enhanced after a fire, with plants flowering more prolifically for the first 1-4 growing seasons following the fire.NApost_fire_flowering_fire_enhanced_flowering
111
fire_independent_floweringpost_fire_floweringFlowering is independent of fire, with the magnitude of flowers produced by plants unchanged following a fire.NApost_fire_flowering_fire_independent_flowering
112
fire_suppressed_floweringpost_fire_floweringFlowering is suppressed or absent after a fire, with plants producing fewer flowers for at least the first 1-4 growing seasons following the fire.NApost_fire_flowering_fire_suppressed_flowering
113
fire_retardantplant_tolerance_firePlants protected from fire by fire retardant in their bark, stems, or other tissues.NAplant_tolerance_fire_fire_retardant
114
fire_retardant_barkplant_tolerance_firePlants protected from fire by fire retardant in their bark.NAplant_tolerance_fire_fire_retardant_bark
115
thick_barkplant_tolerance_firePlants protected from fire by thick bark.NAplant_tolerance_fire_thick_bark
116
blue_purpleflower_colourFlower colour is blue or purple.NAflower_colour_blue_purple
117
greenflower_colourFlower colour is green.NAflower_colour_green
118
pinkflower_colourFlower colour is pink.NAflower_colour_pink
119
red_brownflower_colourFlower colour is red or brown.NAflower_colour_red_brown
120
white_creamflower_colourFlower colour is white or cream.NAflower_colour_white_cream
121
yellow_orangeflower_colourFlower colour is yellow or orange.NAflower_colour_yellow_orange
122
greyflower_colourFlower colour is grey.NAflower_colour_grey
123
blackflower_colourFlower colour is black.NAflower_colour_black
124
whiteperianth_colourPerianth colour is white.NAperianth_colour_white
125
yellowperianth_colourPerianth colour is yellow.NAperianth_colour_yellow
126
orangeperianth_colourPerianth colour is orange.NAperianth_colour_orange
127
redperianth_colourPerianth colour is red.NAperianth_colour_red
128
pinkperianth_colourPerianth colour is pink.NAperianth_colour_pink
129
purpleperianth_colourPerianth colour is purple.NAperianth_colour_purple
130
blueperianth_colourPerianth colour is blue.NAperianth_colour_blue
131
greenperianth_colourPerianth colour is green.NAperianth_colour_green
132
greyperianth_colourPerianth colour is grey.NAperianth_colour_grey
133
brownperianth_colourPerianth colour is brown.NAperianth_colour_brown
134
blackperianth_colourPerianth colour is black.NAperianth_colour_black
135
upflower_orientationFlower orientation is vertical, with the floral entrance pointing up.NAflower_orientation_up
136
lateralflower_orientationFlower orientation is horizontal, with the floral entrance perpendicular to main vertical axis.NAflower_orientation_lateral
137
downflower_orientationFlower orientation is pendant, with the floral entrance pointing down.NAflower_orientation_down
138
mixedflower_orientationFlower orientation is mixed, with different flowers exhibiting different orientations.NAflower_orientation_mixed
139
rainflowering_cuesPlants increase flowering in response to rain, but the time of year is not specified.NAflowering_cues_rain
140
rain_obligateflowering_cuesPlants only flower following rain events.NAflowering_cues_rain_obligate
141
rain_all_yearflowering_cuesPlants increase flowering in response to rain at any time of the year.NAflowering_cues_rain_all_year
142
rain_summerflowering_cuesPlants increase flowering in response to summer rains.NAflowering_cues_rain_summer
143
rain_autumnflowering_cuesPlants increase flowering in response to autumn rains.NAflowering_cues_rain_autumn
144
rain_winterflowering_cuesPlants increase flowering in response to winter rains.NAflowering_cues_rain_winter
145
rain_springflowering_cuesPlants increase flowering in response to spring rains.NAflowering_cues_rain_spring
146
floodsflowering_cuesPlants increase flowering in response to floods.NAflowering_cues_floods
147
fireflowering_cuesPlants increase flowering in response to fires.NAflowering_cues_fire
148
bisexualflower_structural_sex_typeHermaphrodite; flowers with both male and female reproductive organs.NAflower_structural_sex_type_bisexual
149
incompletely_unisexualflower_structural_sex_typeMale flowers with pistillodes and/or female flowers with staminodes.NAflower_structural_sex_type_incompletely_unisexual
150
unisexualflower_structural_sex_typeFlowers with either male or female reproductive organs.NAflower_structural_sex_type_unisexual
151
inferiorflower_ovary_positionFlower with inferior ovary, where the ovary is embedded in the receptacle and therefore located below the insertion level of the remaining floral organs.NAflower_ovary_position_inferior
152
superiorflower_ovary_positionFlower with superior ovary, where the ovary is positioned above the insertion level of the remaining floral organs.NAflower_ovary_position_superior
153
half_inferiorflower_ovary_positionFlower where the receptacle is surrounded by the ovary to its mid-level.NAflower_ovary_position_half_inferior
154
one_quarter_inferiorflower_ovary_positionFlower where the receptacle surrounds up to one quarter of the ovary.NAflower_ovary_position_one_quarter_inferior
155
three_quarters_inferiorflower_ovary_positionFlower where the receptacle surrounds more than three quarters of the ovary.NAflower_ovary_position_three_quarters_inferior
156
actinomorphic_generalflower_perianth_symmetryPerianth displaying radial symmetry.NAflower_perianth_symmetry_actinomorphic_general
157
actinomorphic_rotationalflower_perianth_symmetryPerianth that can be equally divided into three or more identical sections that, when rotated around the center of the flower by some number of degrees, exactly match each other in orientation and shape.NAflower_perianth_symmetry_actinomorphic_rotational
158
actinomorphic_strictly_polysymmetricflower_perianth_symmetryPolysymmetry, with three or more planes of bilateral symmetry.NAflower_perianth_symmetry_actinomorphic_strictly_polysymmetric
159
actinomorphic_spiralflower_perianth_symmetryPerianth lacking a distinct plane of symmetry because their perianth parts are spirally arranged.NAflower_perianth_symmetry_actinomorphic_spiral
160
asymmetricflower_perianth_symmetryPerianth lacking any planes of symmetry.NAflower_perianth_symmetry_asymmetric
161
disymmetricflower_perianth_symmetryPerianth with two orthogonal planes of bilateral symmetry.NAflower_perianth_symmetry_disymmetric
162
zygomorphicflower_perianth_symmetryMonosymmetric, with a single plane of bilateral symmetry.NAflower_perianth_symmetry_zygomorphic
163
irregularflower_perianth_phyllotaxisPerianth parts lacking any symmetrical organisation.NAflower_perianth_phyllotaxis_irregular
164
spiralflower_perianth_phyllotaxisPerianth parts organised along a continuous spiral, usually with wide divergence angles more or less equal to 137.5 degrees, the Fibonacci 'golden angle'.NAflower_perianth_phyllotaxis_spiral
165
whorledflower_perianth_phyllotaxisPerianth parts organised in one or more whorls.NAflower_perianth_phyllotaxis_whorled
166
undifferentiatedflower_perianth_differentiationFlower were all tepals are alike, including flowers with a single, undifferentiated whorl.NAflower_perianth_differentiation_undifferentiated
167
marked_differentiation_outer_sepaloid_inner_petaloidflower_perianth_differentiationA typical flower with a distinct calyx and corolla.NAflower_perianth_differentiation_marked_differentiation_outer_sepaloid_inner_petaloid
168
marked_differentiation_among_petaloid_tepalsflower_perianth_differentiationA flower with tepals that all resemble petals, but with marked differentiation between whorls of tepals.NAflower_perianth_differentiation_marked_differentiation_among_petaloid_tepals
169
marked_differentiation_among_sepaloid_tepalsflower_perianth_differentiationA flower with tepals that all resemble sepals, but with marked differentiation between whorls of tepals.NAflower_perianth_differentiation_marked_differentiation_among_sepaloid_tepals
170
marked_differentiationflower_perianth_differentiationA flower with marked differentiation between whorls, but without an indication if the perianth whorls are petals, sepals, or tepals.NAflower_perianth_differentiation_marked_differentiation
171
continuous_differentiation_outer_sepaloid_inner_petaloidflower_perianth_differentiationA flower with multiple whorls, where there is continuous differentiation between the outer sepaloid parts and the inner petaloid parts.NAflower_perianth_differentiation_continuous_differentiation_outer_sepaloid_inner_petaloid
172
continuous_differentiation_among_petaloid_tepalsflower_perianth_differentiationA flower with series of tepals that all resemble petals, which display continuous, gradual differentiation between whorls.NAflower_perianth_differentiation_continuous_differentiation_among_petaloid_tepals
173
continuous_differentiation_among_sepaloid_tepalsflower_perianth_differentiationA flower with series of tepals that all resemble sepals, which display continuous, gradual differentiation between whorls.NAflower_perianth_differentiation_continuous_differentiation_among_sepaloid_tepals
174
weak_differentiationflower_perianth_differentiationA flower with weak between whorls, but without an indication if the perianth whorls are petals, sepals, or tepals.NAflower_perianth_differentiation_weak_differentiation
175
very_weak_differentiationflower_perianth_differentiationA flower with very weak between whorls, but without an indication if the perianth whorls are petals, sepals, or tepals.NAflower_perianth_differentiation_very_weak_differentiation
176
absentflower_filamentNo filaments presentNAflower_filament_absent
177
present_generalflower_filamentFilaments present, with no specific defining characteristics.NAflower_filament_present_general
178
long_and_narrowflower_filamentFilaments have a long and narrow shape.filiform, slenderflower_filament_long_and_narrow
179
short_and_narrowflower_filamentFilaments have a short and narrow shape; subsessile anthers.NAflower_filament_short_and_narrow
180
long_and_wideflower_filamentFilaments have a long and wide laminar shape.NAflower_filament_long_and_wide
181
short_and_wideflower_filamentFilaments have a short and wide laminar shape.NAflower_filament_short_and_wide
182
long_and_very_wideflower_filamentFilaments have a long and very wide shape; for instance, the petal-like (outer) stamens of Nymphaea.NAflower_filament_long_and_very_wide
183
petaloidflower_filamentFilaments are long and wide and colorful, e.g. Canna.NAflower_filament_petaloid
184
fused_into_synandriumflower_filamentFilament structure formed when stamens fused together.NAflower_filament_fused_into_synandrium
185
fused_into_fascicle_stalksflower_filamentSpecial case where the stamens are fused into the stalk of a fascicle of flowers.NAflower_filament_fused_into_fascicle_stalks
186
long_and_narrow_divided_in_twoflower_filamentFilaments have a long and narrow shape that is divided in two; e.g. Adoxa.NAflower_filament_long_and_narrow_divided_in_two
187
short_generalflower_filamentFilament is short relative to the anther.NAflower_filament_short_general
188
apicalflower_anther_orientationWhen thecae are positioned in a transverse position at the tip of the connective and thus dehisce upward in the flower (e.g., Sinofranchetia, Endress and Hufford, 1989).NAflower_anther_orientation_apical
189
extrorseflower_anther_orientationWhen the stomia of the thecae face the floral periphery.NAflower_anther_orientation_extrorse
190
introrseflower_anther_orientationWhen the stomia of the thecae face the floral centre.NAflower_anther_orientation_introrse
191
latrorseflower_anther_orientationWhen pollen is released toward the side (i.e., toward neighbouring anthers).NAflower_anther_orientation_latrorse
192
basifixedflower_anther_attachmentFilament attached to the base of the connective. Laminar stamens are classified as basifixed.NAflower_anther_attachment_basifixed
193
dorsifixedflower_anther_attachmentFilament attached to the dorsal side of the anther.NAflower_anther_attachment_dorsifixed
194
dorsifixed_at_baseflower_anther_attachmentFilament attached to the dorsal side of the anther, at the base.NAflower_anther_attachment_dorsifixed_at_base
195
ventrifixedflower_anther_attachmentFilament attached to the ventral side of the anther.NAflower_anther_attachment_ventrifixed
196
longitudinal_slitflower_anther_dehiscenceAnther with longitudinal slits that extend along the entire length of each theca.NAflower_anther_dehiscence_longitudinal_slit
197
poricidalflower_anther_dehiscenceAnther where dehiscence of longitudinal slits is incomplete, with pollen exiting via a small pore at the tip.NAflower_anther_dehiscence_poricidal
198
pores_manyflower_anther_dehiscenceAnther with pollen exiting from many pores along its length.NAflower_anther_dehiscence_pores_many
199
h_valvateflower_anther_dehiscenceAnther with two valves on longitudinal hinges, opening horizontally as salon doors; when the stomium bifurcates at its distal and/or proximal end and thus a valve is formed.NAflower_anther_dehiscence_h_valvate
200
flap_valvateflower_anther_dehiscenceAnther with one or more flap-like valves on horizontal hinges, opening vertically.NAflower_anther_dehiscence_flap_valvate
201
transverse_slitflower_anther_dehiscenceAnther with horizontal slit.NAflower_anther_dehiscence_transverse_slit
202
short_basal_slitsflower_anther_dehiscenceAnther where dehiscence of longitudinal slits is incomplete and only occurs over a short extent at the base of the theca.NAflower_anther_dehiscence_short_basal_slits