-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 2
Files
/
Copy pathAPD_categorical_values.csv
796 lines (796 loc) · 126 KB
/
APD_categorical_values.csv
1 | allowed_values_levels | trait | categorical_trait_description | categorical_trait_synonyms | categorical_trait_identifier |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | eucalypt_box | bark_morphology_eucalyptus | Eucalyptus, Corymbia or Angophora taxa with "Box" type bark. | NA | bark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_box |
3 | eucalypt_gum | bark_morphology_eucalyptus | Eucalyptus, Corymbia or Angophora taxa with "Gum" type bark. | NA | bark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_gum |
4 | eucalypt_stocking | bark_morphology_eucalyptus | Eucalyptus, Corymbia or Angophora taxa with "Gum" type bark above a rough barked stocking. | NA | bark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_stocking |
5 | eucalypt_ironbark | bark_morphology_eucalyptus | Eucalyptus, Corymbia or Angophora taxa with "Ironbark" type bark. | NA | bark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_ironbark |
6 | eucalypt_peppermint | bark_morphology_eucalyptus | Eucalyptus, Corymbia or Angophora taxa with "Peppermint" type bark. | NA | bark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_peppermint |
7 | eucalypt_stringybark | bark_morphology_eucalyptus | Eucalyptus, Corymbia or Angophora taxa with "Stringy" type bark. | NA | bark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_stringybark |
8 | eucalypt_ribbonbark | bark_morphology_eucalyptus | Eucalyptus, Corymbia or Angophora taxa with "Gum" type bark that sheds in ribbons. | NA | bark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_ribbonbark |
9 | calcicole | plant_tolerance_calcicole | Plants are tolerant of basic soils, such as calcareous sands and limestone derived soils. | NA | plant_tolerance_calcicole_calcicole |
10 | calcifuge | plant_tolerance_calcicole | Plants are intolerant of basic soils. | acidophilous | plant_tolerance_calcicole_calcifuge |
11 | ground | competitive_stratum | Graminoids, herbs and ferns reaching maximum heights of c. 0.2-1 m. | NA | competitive_stratum_ground |
12 | mid | competitive_stratum | Shrubs reaching maximum heights of c. 1-2 m. | NA | competitive_stratum_mid |
13 | upper | competitive_stratum | Tall shrubs reaching maximum heights of c. 3-5 m. | NA | competitive_stratum_upper |
14 | post_fire_ephemeral | competitive_stratum | Taxa that avoid competition with other strata by rapidly completing their life cycle after fire; a sub-category of 'ground'. | NA | competitive_stratum_post_fire_ephemeral |
15 | foliaceous | cotyledon_function | Cotyledons are photosynthetic and function as leaves. | NA | cotyledon_function_foliaceous |
16 | reserve | cotyledon_function | Cotyledons function as energy reserve organs. | NA | cotyledon_function_reserve |
17 | cryptocotylar | cotyledon_position | A type of seed germination in which the cotyledons remain within the seed coat at germination. | NA | cotyledon_position_cryptocotylar |
18 | phanerocotylar | cotyledon_position | A type of seed germination in which the cotyledons emerge from the seed coat. | NA | cotyledon_position_phanerocotylar |
19 | glabrous | cotyledon_hairs | Cotyledons lack hairs. | NA | cotyledon_hairs_glabrous |
20 | hairy | cotyledon_hairs | Cotyledons have hairs. | NA | cotyledon_hairs_hairy |
21 | epigeal | seedling_germination_location | Germinant with one or more cotyledons emerging aboveground. | NA | seedling_germination_location_epigeal |
22 | hypogeal | seedling_germination_location | Germinant with all cotyledons remaining belowground. | NA | seedling_germination_location_hypogeal |
23 | aril | dispersal_appendage | Fleshy outgrowth of a seed, that often attracts animals like birds or ants. | NA | dispersal_appendage_aril |
24 | bristles | dispersal_appendage | Bristle-like projections. Trait value includes awns, which are slender, bristle-like projections in some grasses. | NA | dispersal_appendage_bristles |
25 | bracts_and_glumes | dispersal_appendage | When the bracts below the inflorescence are persistent and functional as dispersal appendages. This includes persistent glumes, the modified membranous bracts in the family Poaceae that surround the spikelet of a grass. | NA | dispersal_appendage_bracts_and_glumes |
26 | elaiosome | dispersal_appendage | Fleshy (often fatty) appendage on seeds that attracts ants. | NA | dispersal_appendage_elaiosome |
27 | fleshy_reward | dispersal_appendage | Broad term that includes a suite of appendages that provides a fleshy reward to attract dispersers; highest level of resolution available for some studies. | NA | dispersal_appendage_fleshy_reward |
28 | floating_seed | dispersal_appendage | Seed that is dispersed by floating on water. | NA | dispersal_appendage_floating_seed |
29 | flotation_scales | dispersal_appendage | Scales enhancing flotation, thereby assisting with dispersal. | NA | dispersal_appendage_flotation_scales |
30 | floral_parts | dispersal_appendage | When some plant floral parts (the petals, sepals, or style) are persistent and aid in seed and fruit dispersal. This is a broad term not explicitly suggesting a dispersal mechanism. | NA | dispersal_appendage_floral_parts |
31 | hairs | dispersal_appendage | Modified hairs that aid in seed dispersal. | NA | dispersal_appendage_hairs |
32 | hooks | dispersal_appendage | A rear-facing point, as in a fish hook that aids in seed and fruit dispersal. | NA | dispersal_appendage_hooks |
33 | inflated_parts | dispersal_appendage | When some part of the seed, fruit, or associated tissues is inflated, aiding in seed or fruit dispersal. | NA | dispersal_appendage_inflated_parts |
34 | none | dispersal_appendage | When a fruit and associated tissues lack any dispersal appendages. Includes exarillate and taxa with explicitly deciduous pappus. | NA | dispersal_appendage_none |
35 | pappus | dispersal_appendage | The calyx in Asteraceae that has been modified into bristles, hairs, scales or awns that are attached to the apex of the fruit. Taxa assigned this trait value have a persistent pappus that aids in dispersal, often, but not exclusively through wind dispersal. The pappus can also assist with flotation. | NA | dispersal_appendage_pappus |
36 | plumose | dispersal_appendage | Fruit, seed, style, or other floral component that is plumose and assists with dispersal. | NA | dispersal_appendage_plumose |
37 | receptacle | dispersal_appendage | Fleshy receptacle that aids in dispersal. | NA | dispersal_appendage_receptacle |
38 | sarcotesta | dispersal_appendage | Fleshy seed coat that aids in dispersal. | NA | dispersal_appendage_sarcotesta |
39 | spines | dispersal_appendage | Spines that aid in dispersal. | NA | dispersal_appendage_spines |
40 | tumbleweed | dispersal_appendage | Plant growth form, whereby the aboveground plant component detaches from the roots and is readily rolled by wind across the ground, aiding in dispersal. | NA | dispersal_appendage_tumbleweed |
41 | wings | dispersal_appendage | Referring to wing-like seed extensions that aid in wind dispersal. | NA | dispersal_appendage_wings |
42 | wing_or_plume | dispersal_appendage | Broad term that includes a suite of appendages that aid in wind dispersal; highest level of resolution available for some studies. | NA | dispersal_appendage_wing_or_plume |
43 | anemochory | dispersal_syndrome | Diaspore is dispersed by wind. | wind | dispersal_syndrome_anemochory |
44 | anthrochory | dispersal_syndrome | Diaspore is dispersed by humans, either intentionally or unintentionally. | NA | dispersal_syndrome_anthrochory |
45 | atelochory | dispersal_syndrome | Diaspore dispersal is prevented. | antitelochory | dispersal_syndrome_atelochory |
46 | autochory | dispersal_syndrome | Diaspore is dispersed by methods originating from the parent plant or diaspore. | NA | dispersal_syndrome_autochory |
47 | ballistic | dispersal_syndrome | Seeds are launched away from the plant by explosion as soon as the seed capsule opens. | NA | dispersal_syndrome_ballistic |
48 | barochory | dispersal_syndrome | Diaspores are dispersed without assistance. | gravity, mobile, unassisted, passive | dispersal_syndrome_barochory |
49 | chamaechory | dispersal_syndrome | Diaspore is dispersed by being rolled along ground surface by wind. | NA | dispersal_syndrome_chamaechory |
50 | endozoochory | dispersal_syndrome | Diaspore is ingested by animals, either intentionally or accidentally, then transported before being deposited. | ingestion | dispersal_syndrome_endozoochory |
51 | epizoochory | dispersal_syndrome | Diaspore is dispersed by accidentally attaching itself to the outside of an animal vector. | ectozoochory, exozoochory | dispersal_syndrome_epizoochory |
52 | hydrochory | dispersal_syndrome | Diaspore is dispersed on the surface of water. | water | dispersal_syndrome_hydrochory |
53 | myrmecochory | dispersal_syndrome | Diaspores have elaiosomes (specialised nutritious appendages) that make them attractive for capture, transport and use by ants or related insects. | NA | dispersal_syndrome_myrmecochory |
54 | undefined | dispersal_syndrome | Dispersal mechanism unknown. | unknown | dispersal_syndrome_undefined |
55 | zoochory | dispersal_syndrome | Diaspore is dispersed by animals, by an undescribed mechanism. | NA | dispersal_syndrome_zoochory |
56 | fruit | dispersal_unit | Dispersal unit is a fruit. | NA | dispersal_unit_fruit |
57 | seed | dispersal_unit | Dispersal unit is a seed. | NA | dispersal_unit_seed |
58 | spore | dispersal_unit | Dispersal unit is a spore. | NA | dispersal_unit_spore |
59 | seedling | dispersal_unit | Dispersal unit is a seedling. | viviparous | dispersal_unit_seedling |
60 | indigenous_people | dispersers | Indigenous people disperse the fruit through traditional practices. | NA | dispersers_indigenous_people |
61 | abiotic | dispersers | Fruits are dispersed by unspecified abiotic mechanisms. | NA | dispersers_abiotic |
62 | ants | dispersers | Ants are an important fruit dispersal agent. | NA | dispersers_ants |
63 | animals | dispersers | Animals are an important fruit dispersal agent. | NA | dispersers_animals |
64 | bats | dispersers | Bats are an important fruit dispersal agent. | NA | dispersers_bats |
65 | birds | dispersers | Birds are an important fruit dispersal agent. | NA | dispersers_birds |
66 | cassowaries | dispersers | Cassowaries, in contrast to smaller flying birds, are an important fruit dispersal agent. | NA | dispersers_cassowaries |
67 | fish | dispersers | Fish are an important fruit dispersal agent. | NA | dispersers_fish |
68 | floods | dispersers | Floods are an important fruit dispersal agent. | NA | dispersers_floods |
69 | flying_vertebrates | dispersers | Flying birds and bats are important fruit dispersal agents. | NA | dispersers_flying_vertebrates |
70 | flying_foxes | dispersers | Flying foxes are an important fruit dispersal agent. | NA | dispersers_flying_foxes |
71 | garden_refuse | dispersers | Fruit are dispersed through garden refuse. | NA | dispersers_garden_refuse |
72 | insects | dispersers | Insects are an important fruit dispersal agent. | NA | dispersers_insects |
73 | invertebrates | dispersers | Invertebrates are an important fruit dispersal agent. | NA | dispersers_invertebrates |
74 | mammals | dispersers | Mammals are an important fruit dispersal agent. | NA | dispersers_mammals |
75 | mammals_domestic | dispersers | Domesticated ammals are an important fruit dispersal agent. | NA | dispersers_mammals_domestic |
76 | non-flying_vertebrates | dispersers | Mammals and non-flying birds (i.e. cassowary, emu) are important fruit dispersal agents. | NA | dispersers_non-flying_vertebrates |
77 | passive | dispersers | There is no special dispersal agent. | NA | dispersers_passive |
78 | rain | dispersers | Rain is an important fruit dispersal agent; the diaspore is propelled by action of rain on plant structure or the wetting of the plant structure by rain or dew. | NA | dispersers_rain |
79 | rodents | dispersers | Rodents are an important fruit dispersal agent. | NA | dispersers_rodents |
80 | vehicles | dispersers | Vehicles are an important dispersal agent, such as through mud on tyres. | NA | dispersers_vehicles |
81 | vertebrates | dispersers | Vertebrates are an important fruit dispersal agent. | NA | dispersers_vertebrates |
82 | wind | dispersers | Wind is an important fruit dispersal agent. | NA | dispersers_wind |
83 | water | dispersers | Water is an important fruit dispersal agent. | NA | dispersers_water |
84 | water_currents | dispersers | Water currents are an important fruit dispersal agent; the diaspore may be either floating or submerged in fresh/saltwater currents. | NA | dispersers_water_currents |
85 | morphophysiological_dormancy | seed_dormancy_class | Seeds exhibit morphophysiological dormancy, with both morphological and physiological dormancy mechanisms that must be overcome. | NA | seed_dormancy_class_morphophysiological_dormancy |
86 | morphological_dormancy | seed_dormancy_class | Seeds exhibit morphological dormancy, generally because an underdeveloped embryo needs to grow. | NA | seed_dormancy_class_morphological_dormancy |
87 | non_dormant | seed_dormancy_class | Seeds are non-dormant. | NA | seed_dormancy_class_non_dormant |
88 | physical_dormancy | seed_dormancy_class | Seeds exhibit physical dormancy, due to one or more water-impermeable layers in the seed coat. | NA | seed_dormancy_class_physical_dormancy |
89 | physiological_dormancy | seed_dormancy_class | Seeds exhibit physiological dormancy, whereby chemical changes are required within the seed to break dormancy, including temperature stratification and after-ripening. | NA | seed_dormancy_class_physiological_dormancy |
90 | colourless | embryo_colour | Colourless embryo. | NA | embryo_colour_colourless |
91 | green | embryo_colour | Green embryo. | NA | embryo_colour_green |
92 | aquatic_taxon | fire_exposure_level | Plants rarely or never experience fires because they are aquatic. | NA | fire_exposure_level_aquatic_taxon |
93 | fire_avoidance_among_rocks | fire_exposure_level | Plants rarely experience fires because their habitat is restricted to rocky outcrops or rock pavement. | NA | fire_exposure_level_fire_avoidance_among_rocks |
94 | fire_avoidance_near_water | fire_exposure_level | Plants rarely or never experience fires because their habitat is close to a body of water. | NA | fire_exposure_level_fire_avoidance_near_water |
95 | fire_avoidance_in_swamp | fire_exposure_level | Plants rarely experience fires because their habitat is usually saturated, but populations can be catastrophically impacted during severe droughts when the swamps dry out. | NA | fire_exposure_level_fire_avoidance_in_swamp |
96 | seasonal_fire_avoidance | fire_exposure_level | Plants avoid fire by only have above-ground parts during seasons when fire is rare or absent, but populations can be catastrophically impacted if fire occurs during an atypical season. | NA | fire_exposure_level_seasonal_fire_avoidance |
97 | fire_killed | resprouting_capacity | Fewer than 30% of plants resprout following a fire with 100% leaf scorch. | fire-sensitive | resprouting_capacity_fire_killed |
98 | resprouts | resprouting_capacity | More than 70% of plants resprout following a fire with 100% leaf scorch. | NA | resprouting_capacity_resprouts |
99 | partial_resprouting | resprouting_capacity | Between 30-70% of plants resprout following a fire with 100% leaf scorch. | NA | resprouting_capacity_partial_resprouting |
100 | juvenile_fire_killed | resprouting_capacity_juvenile | Few to no juvenile plants resprout following fire with 100% leaf scorch. | NA | resprouting_capacity_juvenile_juvenile_fire_killed |
101 | juvenile_resprout | resprouting_capacity_juvenile | More than 50% of juvenile plants survive and resprout following fire with 100% leaf scorch. | NA | resprouting_capacity_juvenile_juvenile_resprout |
102 | juvenile_moderate_fire_killed | resprouting_capacity_juvenile | 25-50% of juvenile plants resprout following fire with 100% leaf scorch. | NA | resprouting_capacity_juvenile_juvenile_moderate_fire_killed |
103 | establish_post_fire | seedling_establishment_conditions | Seedling establishment occurs following fire. | NA | seedling_establishment_conditions_establish_post_fire |
104 | establish_post_disturbance | seedling_establishment_conditions | Seedling establishment occurs following disturbances that increase light levels at the ground surface, but the type of disturbance is not documented. | NA | seedling_establishment_conditions_establish_post_disturbance |
105 | establish_anytime | seedling_establishment_conditions | Seedlings can establish immediately following a disturbance and in later years as vegetation ages, right thru to mature and over-mature vegetation | NA | seedling_establishment_conditions_establish_anytime |
106 | establish_intermediate_to_mature_vegetation | seedling_establishment_conditions | Seedlings require some environmental characteristics not found in vegetation straight after fires to establish, for they cannot establish within the first season or two after fire but can establish in older vegetation (including mature to over-mature vegetation). | NA | seedling_establishment_conditions_establish_intermediate_to_mature_vegetation |
107 | post_fire_recruitment | post_fire_recruitment | Plants that germinate post-fire. | NA | post_fire_recruitment_post_fire_recruitment |
108 | post_fire_recruitment_absent | post_fire_recruitment | Plants that do not show increased seeding following fire. | NA | post_fire_recruitment_post_fire_recruitment_absent |
109 | fire_dependent_flowering | post_fire_flowering | Plants predominantly flower after a fire, usually within the first 1-4 growing seasons following the fire. | NA | post_fire_flowering_fire_dependent_flowering |
110 | fire_enhanced_flowering | post_fire_flowering | Flowering is enhanced after a fire, with plants flowering more prolifically for the first 1-4 growing seasons following the fire. | NA | post_fire_flowering_fire_enhanced_flowering |
111 | fire_independent_flowering | post_fire_flowering | Flowering is independent of fire, with the magnitude of flowers produced by plants unchanged following a fire. | NA | post_fire_flowering_fire_independent_flowering |
112 | fire_suppressed_flowering | post_fire_flowering | Flowering is suppressed or absent after a fire, with plants producing fewer flowers for at least the first 1-4 growing seasons following the fire. | NA | post_fire_flowering_fire_suppressed_flowering |
113 | fire_retardant | plant_tolerance_fire | Plants protected from fire by fire retardant in their bark, stems, or other tissues. | NA | plant_tolerance_fire_fire_retardant |
114 | fire_retardant_bark | plant_tolerance_fire | Plants protected from fire by fire retardant in their bark. | NA | plant_tolerance_fire_fire_retardant_bark |
115 | thick_bark | plant_tolerance_fire | Plants protected from fire by thick bark. | NA | plant_tolerance_fire_thick_bark |
116 | blue_purple | flower_colour | Flower colour is blue or purple. | NA | flower_colour_blue_purple |
117 | green | flower_colour | Flower colour is green. | NA | flower_colour_green |
118 | pink | flower_colour | Flower colour is pink. | NA | flower_colour_pink |
119 | red_brown | flower_colour | Flower colour is red or brown. | NA | flower_colour_red_brown |
120 | white_cream | flower_colour | Flower colour is white or cream. | NA | flower_colour_white_cream |
121 | yellow_orange | flower_colour | Flower colour is yellow or orange. | NA | flower_colour_yellow_orange |
122 | grey | flower_colour | Flower colour is grey. | NA | flower_colour_grey |
123 | black | flower_colour | Flower colour is black. | NA | flower_colour_black |
124 | white | perianth_colour | Perianth colour is white. | NA | perianth_colour_white |
125 | yellow | perianth_colour | Perianth colour is yellow. | NA | perianth_colour_yellow |
126 | orange | perianth_colour | Perianth colour is orange. | NA | perianth_colour_orange |
127 | red | perianth_colour | Perianth colour is red. | NA | perianth_colour_red |
128 | pink | perianth_colour | Perianth colour is pink. | NA | perianth_colour_pink |
129 | purple | perianth_colour | Perianth colour is purple. | NA | perianth_colour_purple |
130 | blue | perianth_colour | Perianth colour is blue. | NA | perianth_colour_blue |
131 | green | perianth_colour | Perianth colour is green. | NA | perianth_colour_green |
132 | grey | perianth_colour | Perianth colour is grey. | NA | perianth_colour_grey |
133 | brown | perianth_colour | Perianth colour is brown. | NA | perianth_colour_brown |
134 | black | perianth_colour | Perianth colour is black. | NA | perianth_colour_black |
135 | up | flower_orientation | Flower orientation is vertical, with the floral entrance pointing up. | NA | flower_orientation_up |
136 | lateral | flower_orientation | Flower orientation is horizontal, with the floral entrance perpendicular to main vertical axis. | NA | flower_orientation_lateral |
137 | down | flower_orientation | Flower orientation is pendant, with the floral entrance pointing down. | NA | flower_orientation_down |
138 | mixed | flower_orientation | Flower orientation is mixed, with different flowers exhibiting different orientations. | NA | flower_orientation_mixed |
139 | rain | flowering_cues | Plants increase flowering in response to rain, but the time of year is not specified. | NA | flowering_cues_rain |
140 | rain_obligate | flowering_cues | Plants only flower following rain events. | NA | flowering_cues_rain_obligate |
141 | rain_all_year | flowering_cues | Plants increase flowering in response to rain at any time of the year. | NA | flowering_cues_rain_all_year |
142 | rain_summer | flowering_cues | Plants increase flowering in response to summer rains. | NA | flowering_cues_rain_summer |
143 | rain_autumn | flowering_cues | Plants increase flowering in response to autumn rains. | NA | flowering_cues_rain_autumn |
144 | rain_winter | flowering_cues | Plants increase flowering in response to winter rains. | NA | flowering_cues_rain_winter |
145 | rain_spring | flowering_cues | Plants increase flowering in response to spring rains. | NA | flowering_cues_rain_spring |
146 | floods | flowering_cues | Plants increase flowering in response to floods. | NA | flowering_cues_floods |
147 | fire | flowering_cues | Plants increase flowering in response to fires. | NA | flowering_cues_fire |
148 | bisexual | flower_structural_sex_type | Hermaphrodite; flowers with both male and female reproductive organs. | NA | flower_structural_sex_type_bisexual |
149 | incompletely_unisexual | flower_structural_sex_type | Male flowers with pistillodes and/or female flowers with staminodes. | NA | flower_structural_sex_type_incompletely_unisexual |
150 | unisexual | flower_structural_sex_type | Flowers with either male or female reproductive organs. | NA | flower_structural_sex_type_unisexual |
151 | inferior | flower_ovary_position | Flower with inferior ovary, where the ovary is embedded in the receptacle and therefore located below the insertion level of the remaining floral organs. | NA | flower_ovary_position_inferior |
152 | superior | flower_ovary_position | Flower with superior ovary, where the ovary is positioned above the insertion level of the remaining floral organs. | NA | flower_ovary_position_superior |
153 | half_inferior | flower_ovary_position | Flower where the receptacle is surrounded by the ovary to its mid-level. | NA | flower_ovary_position_half_inferior |
154 | one_quarter_inferior | flower_ovary_position | Flower where the receptacle surrounds up to one quarter of the ovary. | NA | flower_ovary_position_one_quarter_inferior |
155 | three_quarters_inferior | flower_ovary_position | Flower where the receptacle surrounds more than three quarters of the ovary. | NA | flower_ovary_position_three_quarters_inferior |
156 | actinomorphic_general | flower_perianth_symmetry | Perianth displaying radial symmetry. | NA | flower_perianth_symmetry_actinomorphic_general |
157 | actinomorphic_rotational | flower_perianth_symmetry | Perianth that can be equally divided into three or more identical sections that, when rotated around the center of the flower by some number of degrees, exactly match each other in orientation and shape. | NA | flower_perianth_symmetry_actinomorphic_rotational |
158 | actinomorphic_strictly_polysymmetric | flower_perianth_symmetry | Polysymmetry, with three or more planes of bilateral symmetry. | NA | flower_perianth_symmetry_actinomorphic_strictly_polysymmetric |
159 | actinomorphic_spiral | flower_perianth_symmetry | Perianth lacking a distinct plane of symmetry because their perianth parts are spirally arranged. | NA | flower_perianth_symmetry_actinomorphic_spiral |
160 | asymmetric | flower_perianth_symmetry | Perianth lacking any planes of symmetry. | NA | flower_perianth_symmetry_asymmetric |
161 | disymmetric | flower_perianth_symmetry | Perianth with two orthogonal planes of bilateral symmetry. | NA | flower_perianth_symmetry_disymmetric |
162 | zygomorphic | flower_perianth_symmetry | Monosymmetric, with a single plane of bilateral symmetry. | NA | flower_perianth_symmetry_zygomorphic |
163 | irregular | flower_perianth_phyllotaxis | Perianth parts lacking any symmetrical organisation. | NA | flower_perianth_phyllotaxis_irregular |
164 | spiral | flower_perianth_phyllotaxis | Perianth parts organised along a continuous spiral, usually with wide divergence angles more or less equal to 137.5 degrees, the Fibonacci 'golden angle'. | NA | flower_perianth_phyllotaxis_spiral |
165 | whorled | flower_perianth_phyllotaxis | Perianth parts organised in one or more whorls. | NA | flower_perianth_phyllotaxis_whorled |
166 | undifferentiated | flower_perianth_differentiation | Flower were all tepals are alike, including flowers with a single, undifferentiated whorl. | NA | flower_perianth_differentiation_undifferentiated |
167 | marked_differentiation_outer_sepaloid_inner_petaloid | flower_perianth_differentiation | A typical flower with a distinct calyx and corolla. | NA | flower_perianth_differentiation_marked_differentiation_outer_sepaloid_inner_petaloid |
168 | marked_differentiation_among_petaloid_tepals | flower_perianth_differentiation | A flower with tepals that all resemble petals, but with marked differentiation between whorls of tepals. | NA | flower_perianth_differentiation_marked_differentiation_among_petaloid_tepals |
169 | marked_differentiation_among_sepaloid_tepals | flower_perianth_differentiation | A flower with tepals that all resemble sepals, but with marked differentiation between whorls of tepals. | NA | flower_perianth_differentiation_marked_differentiation_among_sepaloid_tepals |
170 | marked_differentiation | flower_perianth_differentiation | A flower with marked differentiation between whorls, but without an indication if the perianth whorls are petals, sepals, or tepals. | NA | flower_perianth_differentiation_marked_differentiation |
171 | continuous_differentiation_outer_sepaloid_inner_petaloid | flower_perianth_differentiation | A flower with multiple whorls, where there is continuous differentiation between the outer sepaloid parts and the inner petaloid parts. | NA | flower_perianth_differentiation_continuous_differentiation_outer_sepaloid_inner_petaloid |
172 | continuous_differentiation_among_petaloid_tepals | flower_perianth_differentiation | A flower with series of tepals that all resemble petals, which display continuous, gradual differentiation between whorls. | NA | flower_perianth_differentiation_continuous_differentiation_among_petaloid_tepals |
173 | continuous_differentiation_among_sepaloid_tepals | flower_perianth_differentiation | A flower with series of tepals that all resemble sepals, which display continuous, gradual differentiation between whorls. | NA | flower_perianth_differentiation_continuous_differentiation_among_sepaloid_tepals |
174 | weak_differentiation | flower_perianth_differentiation | A flower with weak between whorls, but without an indication if the perianth whorls are petals, sepals, or tepals. | NA | flower_perianth_differentiation_weak_differentiation |
175 | very_weak_differentiation | flower_perianth_differentiation | A flower with very weak between whorls, but without an indication if the perianth whorls are petals, sepals, or tepals. | NA | flower_perianth_differentiation_very_weak_differentiation |
176 | absent | flower_filament | No filaments present | NA | flower_filament_absent |
177 | present_general | flower_filament | Filaments present, with no specific defining characteristics. | NA | flower_filament_present_general |
178 | long_and_narrow | flower_filament | Filaments have a long and narrow shape. | filiform, slender | flower_filament_long_and_narrow |
179 | short_and_narrow | flower_filament | Filaments have a short and narrow shape; subsessile anthers. | NA | flower_filament_short_and_narrow |
180 | long_and_wide | flower_filament | Filaments have a long and wide laminar shape. | NA | flower_filament_long_and_wide |
181 | short_and_wide | flower_filament | Filaments have a short and wide laminar shape. | NA | flower_filament_short_and_wide |
182 | long_and_very_wide | flower_filament | Filaments have a long and very wide shape; for instance, the petal-like (outer) stamens of Nymphaea. | NA | flower_filament_long_and_very_wide |
183 | petaloid | flower_filament | Filaments are long and wide and colorful, e.g. Canna. | NA | flower_filament_petaloid |
184 | fused_into_synandrium | flower_filament | Filament structure formed when stamens fused together. | NA | flower_filament_fused_into_synandrium |
185 | fused_into_fascicle_stalks | flower_filament | Special case where the stamens are fused into the stalk of a fascicle of flowers. | NA | flower_filament_fused_into_fascicle_stalks |
186 | long_and_narrow_divided_in_two | flower_filament | Filaments have a long and narrow shape that is divided in two; e.g. Adoxa. | NA | flower_filament_long_and_narrow_divided_in_two |
187 | short_general | flower_filament | Filament is short relative to the anther. | NA | flower_filament_short_general |
188 | apical | flower_anther_orientation | When thecae are positioned in a transverse position at the tip of the connective and thus dehisce upward in the flower (e.g., Sinofranchetia, Endress and Hufford, 1989). | NA | flower_anther_orientation_apical |
189 | extrorse | flower_anther_orientation | When the stomia of the thecae face the floral periphery. | NA | flower_anther_orientation_extrorse |
190 | introrse | flower_anther_orientation | When the stomia of the thecae face the floral centre. | NA | flower_anther_orientation_introrse |
191 | latrorse | flower_anther_orientation | When pollen is released toward the side (i.e., toward neighbouring anthers). | NA | flower_anther_orientation_latrorse |
192 | basifixed | flower_anther_attachment | Filament attached to the base of the connective. Laminar stamens are classified as basifixed. | NA | flower_anther_attachment_basifixed |
193 | dorsifixed | flower_anther_attachment | Filament attached to the dorsal side of the anther. | NA | flower_anther_attachment_dorsifixed |
194 | dorsifixed_at_base | flower_anther_attachment | Filament attached to the dorsal side of the anther, at the base. | NA | flower_anther_attachment_dorsifixed_at_base |
195 | ventrifixed | flower_anther_attachment | Filament attached to the ventral side of the anther. | NA | flower_anther_attachment_ventrifixed |
196 | longitudinal_slit | flower_anther_dehiscence | Anther with longitudinal slits that extend along the entire length of each theca. | NA | flower_anther_dehiscence_longitudinal_slit |
197 | poricidal | flower_anther_dehiscence | Anther where dehiscence of longitudinal slits is incomplete, with pollen exiting via a small pore at the tip. | NA | flower_anther_dehiscence_poricidal |
198 | pores_many | flower_anther_dehiscence | Anther with pollen exiting from many pores along its length. | NA | flower_anther_dehiscence_pores_many |
199 | h_valvate | flower_anther_dehiscence | Anther with two valves on longitudinal hinges, opening horizontally as salon doors; when the stomium bifurcates at its distal and/or proximal end and thus a valve is formed. | NA | flower_anther_dehiscence_h_valvate |
200 | flap_valvate | flower_anther_dehiscence | Anther with one or more flap-like valves on horizontal hinges, opening vertically. | NA | flower_anther_dehiscence_flap_valvate |
201 | transverse_slit | flower_anther_dehiscence | Anther with horizontal slit. | NA | flower_anther_dehiscence_transverse_slit |
202 | short_basal_slits | flower_anther_dehiscence | Anther where dehiscence of longitudinal slits is incomplete and only occurs over a short extent at the base of the theca. | NA | flower_anther_dehiscence_short_basal_slits |