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Understanding the diversity of hydrological regimes in the Andean Amazon region

Collaborators on this Project:

• Project Lead - Guido A. Herrera-R

• Data Science Lead - Yesica Leon-Tinoco

• Lily McGill

• Sarah Harbert

• Zach Johnson

The Problem:

The Andean Amazon is a mountainous region with step altitudinal gradient up to 5000 m, where occurs the headwaters of the main tributaries of the Amazon basin. This is a data-scarce region where the understanding of hydrological regimes is a critical factor in the light of water supply, dams planning, and freshwater ecosystem conservation. The evidence suggests that there is a mixture of latitudinal and altitudinal gradients in observed hydrological regimes, however, a large-scale and holistic assessment validating patterns is still missing for this region.

Application Example:

This project looks to gain in knowledge on the functioning of freshwater ecosystems in the Andean Amazon region The study of natural hydrological variability and regimes provides a baseline framework to quantify impacts of hydrological alteration in freshwater ecosystems. The projects seek to reveal some insights in the flow-ecology relationships in the Andean Amazon.

Sample Data:

Hydrological data:

  • Daily discharge time series for 1975-2016 from 402 hydrological stations across the Ecuador (90 stations)* (Atlantic and Pacific coast) and Brazil (312 stations).
  • Spatial coordinates of hydrological stations (Brazil and Ecuador).

*Data from 71 stations need to be processed into a friendly format.

Fish data:

  • Point ocurrences of fish species in the Amazon basin (Available at: Global Biodiversity Information Facility https://www.gbif.org)

Specific Objectives/Questions:

  1. Identify key hydrological indicators to describe and classify hydrological regimes in the Andean Amazon.

  2. Spatial visualization and mapping of the proposed classification of hydrological regimes to test for latitudinal and altitudinal gradients.

  3. Disentangle the importance of topographical and climate variables in explaining the variation in hydrological regimes.

  4. Understand the ecological role of hydrological regimes in explaining the diversity of Andean Amazon fishes.

Learning project goals:

  1. Analyzing hydrological time series data.

  2. Understating spatial hydrology patterns in data-scarce regions.

Existing Methods:

test

Proposed Methods/Tools:

  1. The use of Functional Flow Calculator (https://eflow.gitbook.io/ffc-readme/) to retrieve relevant hydrological indicators from time series available.

Communication

  • Slack channel: #andeanamazonhydro

  • Hydroshare: TBD

Background Reading:

Anderson, E. P., & Maldonado-Ocampo, J. A. (2011). A regional perspective on the diversity and conservation of tropical Andean fishes. Conservation Biology, 25(1), 30-39.

Anderson, E. P., Jenkins, C. N., Heilpern, S., Maldonado-Ocampo, J. A., Carvajal-Vallejos, F. M., Encalada, A. C., ... & Salcedo, N. (2018). Fragmentation of Andes-to-Amazon connectivity by hydropower dams. Science advances, 4(1), eaao1642.

Auerbach, D. A., Buchanan, B. P., Alexiades, A. V., Anderson, E. P., Encalada, A. C., Larson, E. I., ... & Flecker, A. S. (2016). Towards catchment classification in data‐scarce regions. Ecohydrology, 9(7), 1235-1247.

McClain, M. E., & Naiman, R. J. (2008). Andean influences on the biogeochemistry and ecology of the Amazon River. BioScience, 58(4), 325-338.

Timpe, K., & Kaplan, D. (2017). The changing hydrology of a dammed Amazon. Science advances, 3(11), e1700611.

Venticinque, E., Forsberg, B., Barthem, R., Petry, P., Hess, L., Mercado, A., ... & Goulding, M. (2016). An explicit GIS-based river basin framework for aquatic ecosystem conservation in the Amazon. Earth System Science Data, 8(2), 651.