diff --git a/src/gateway/mod.rs b/src/gateway/mod.rs
index 23f2c81..9990cb9 100644
--- a/src/gateway/mod.rs
+++ b/src/gateway/mod.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,5 @@ mod events;
 mod payload;
 mod upgrade;
 
-pub use crate::database::redis::publish;
 pub use payload::*;
 pub use upgrade::upgrade;
diff --git a/src/gateway/payload.rs b/src/gateway/payload.rs
index 5e88401..270e5fa 100644
--- a/src/gateway/payload.rs
+++ b/src/gateway/payload.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use crate::database::redis::publish;
 use crate::structures::*;
 use axum::extract::ws;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
@@ -71,3 +72,9 @@ impl From<Payload> for ws::Message {
         ws::Message::Text(serde_json::to_string(&payload).unwrap())
     }
 }
+
+impl Payload {
+    pub async fn to(self, id: i64) {
+        publish(id, serde_json::to_string(&self).unwrap()).await;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/routes/channels/create.rs b/src/routes/channels/create.rs
index bf7e070..5f17fb0 100644
--- a/src/routes/channels/create.rs
+++ b/src/routes/channels/create.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ pub async fn create(
     let group = Channel::new_group(user.id, data.name).save().await?;
 
     for id in group.recipients.as_ref().unwrap() {
-        publish(*id, Payload::ChannelCreate(group.clone())).await;
+        Payload::ChannelCreate(group.clone()).to(*id).await;
     }
 
     Ok(Json(group))
diff --git a/src/routes/channels/delete.rs b/src/routes/channels/delete.rs
index fc1362a..09285f0 100644
--- a/src/routes/channels/delete.rs
+++ b/src/routes/channels/delete.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ pub async fn delete(Extension(user): Extension<User>, Path(id): Path<i64>) -> Re
 
     channel.remove().await?;
 
-    publish(id, Payload::ChannelDelete(id.into())).await;
+    Payload::ChannelDelete(id.into()).to(id).await;
 
     Ok(())
 }
diff --git a/src/routes/channels/edit.rs b/src/routes/channels/edit.rs
index 0039549..3d378ec 100644
--- a/src/routes/channels/edit.rs
+++ b/src/routes/channels/edit.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ pub async fn edit(
 
     let group = group.update_all_fields(pool()).await?;
 
-    publish(group.id, Payload::ChannelUpdate(group.clone())).await;
+    Payload::ChannelUpdate(group.clone()).to(group.id).await;
 
     Ok(Json(group))
 }
diff --git a/src/routes/channels/kick.rs b/src/routes/channels/kick.rs
index 203d9a0..d868709 100644
--- a/src/routes/channels/kick.rs
+++ b/src/routes/channels/kick.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ pub async fn kick(
 
     let group = group.update_all_fields(pool()).await?;
 
-    publish(group_id, Payload::ChannelUpdate(group)).await;
+    Payload::ChannelUpdate(group).to(group_id).await;
 
     Ok(())
 }
diff --git a/src/routes/invites/join.rs b/src/routes/invites/join.rs
index fe70760..d5b1ac1 100644
--- a/src/routes/invites/join.rs
+++ b/src/routes/invites/join.rs
@@ -37,13 +37,10 @@ pub async fn join(Extension(user): Extension<User>, Path(code): Path<String>) ->
                 .update(pool())
                 .await?;
 
-            publish(
-                user.id,
-                Payload::ServerCreate(server_id.server(None).await?),
-            )
-            .await;
-
-            publish(server_id, Payload::ServerMemberJoin(member)).await;
+            Payload::ServerCreate(server_id.server(None).await?)
+                .to(user.id)
+                .await;
+            Payload::ServerMemberJoin(member).to(server_id).await;
 
             Ok(())
         }
@@ -65,8 +62,8 @@ pub async fn join(Extension(user): Extension<User>, Path(code): Path<String>) ->
 
             let group = group.update_all_fields(pool()).await?;
 
-            publish(group.id, Payload::ChannelUpdate(group.clone())).await;
-            publish(user.id, Payload::ChannelCreate(group)).await;
+            Payload::ChannelUpdate(group.clone()).to(group.id).await;
+            Payload::ChannelCreate(group).to(user.id).await;
 
             Ok(())
         }
diff --git a/src/routes/messages/create.rs b/src/routes/messages/create.rs
index 2e4c779..3eb682d 100644
--- a/src/routes/messages/create.rs
+++ b/src/routes/messages/create.rs
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ pub async fn create(
 
     let msg = msg.save().await?;
 
-    publish(channel_id, Payload::MessageCreate(msg.clone())).await;
+    Payload::MessageCreate(msg.clone()).to(channel_id).await;
 
     Ok(Json(msg))
 }
diff --git a/src/routes/messages/delete.rs b/src/routes/messages/delete.rs
index 727854f..9ff7528 100644
--- a/src/routes/messages/delete.rs
+++ b/src/routes/messages/delete.rs
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ pub async fn delete(
 
     tx.commit().await?;
 
-    publish(channel_id, Payload::MessageDelete(id.into())).await;
+    Payload::MessageDelete(id.into()).to(channel_id).await;
 
     Ok(())
 }
diff --git a/src/routes/messages/edit.rs b/src/routes/messages/edit.rs
index 61adc34..ec17d0d 100644
--- a/src/routes/messages/edit.rs
+++ b/src/routes/messages/edit.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ pub async fn edit(
 
     let msg = msg.update_all_fields(pool()).await?;
 
-    publish(channel_id, Payload::MessageUpdate(msg.clone())).await;
+    Payload::MessageUpdate(msg.clone()).to(channel_id).await;
 
     Ok(Json(msg))
 }
diff --git a/src/routes/servers/channels/create.rs b/src/routes/servers/channels/create.rs
index 5d74774..7759bf2 100644
--- a/src/routes/servers/channels/create.rs
+++ b/src/routes/servers/channels/create.rs
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ pub async fn create(
 
     let channel = channel.save().await?;
 
-    publish(server_id, Payload::ChannelCreate(channel.clone())).await;
+    Payload::ChannelCreate(channel.clone()).to(server_id).await;
 
     Ok(Json(channel))
 }
diff --git a/src/routes/servers/channels/delete.rs b/src/routes/servers/channels/delete.rs
index e0bd4ea..831a995 100644
--- a/src/routes/servers/channels/delete.rs
+++ b/src/routes/servers/channels/delete.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@ pub async fn delete(
 
     channel.remove().await?;
 
-    publish(server_id, Payload::ChannelDelete((id, server_id).into())).await;
+    Payload::ChannelDelete((id, server_id).into())
+        .to(server_id)
+        .await;
 
     Ok(())
 }
diff --git a/src/routes/servers/channels/edit.rs b/src/routes/servers/channels/edit.rs
index 421c3b0..9485a20 100644
--- a/src/routes/servers/channels/edit.rs
+++ b/src/routes/servers/channels/edit.rs
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ pub async fn edit(
 
     let channel = channel.update_all_fields(pool()).await?;
 
-    publish(server_id, Payload::ChannelUpdate(channel.clone())).await;
+    Payload::ChannelUpdate(channel.clone()).to(server_id).await;
 
     Ok(Json(channel))
 }
diff --git a/src/routes/servers/create.rs b/src/routes/servers/create.rs
index c7f2bad..ad7f20e 100644
--- a/src/routes/servers/create.rs
+++ b/src/routes/servers/create.rs
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ pub async fn create(
 
     tx.commit().await?;
 
-    publish(user.id, Payload::ServerCreate(server.clone())).await;
+    Payload::ServerCreate(server.clone()).to(user.id).await;
 
     Ok(Json(server))
 }
diff --git a/src/routes/servers/delete.rs b/src/routes/servers/delete.rs
index 97bf0b7..4a6fda2 100644
--- a/src/routes/servers/delete.rs
+++ b/src/routes/servers/delete.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ pub async fn delete(Extension(user): Extension<User>, Path(id): Path<i64>) -> Re
 
     server.remove().await?;
 
-    publish(id, Payload::ServerDelete(id.into())).await;
+    Payload::ServerDelete(id.into()).to(id).await;
 
     Ok(())
 }
diff --git a/src/routes/servers/edit.rs b/src/routes/servers/edit.rs
index 40a37d1..00897e7 100644
--- a/src/routes/servers/edit.rs
+++ b/src/routes/servers/edit.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ pub async fn edit(
 
     let server = server.update_all_fields(pool()).await?;
 
-    publish(server.id, Payload::ServerUpdate(server.clone())).await;
+    Payload::ServerUpdate(server.clone()).to(server.id).await;
 
     Ok(Json(server))
 }
diff --git a/src/routes/servers/members/edit.rs b/src/routes/servers/members/edit.rs
index a840d4a..61496ab 100644
--- a/src/routes/servers/members/edit.rs
+++ b/src/routes/servers/members/edit.rs
@@ -52,7 +52,9 @@ pub async fn edit(
 
     let member = member.update_all_fields(pool()).await?;
 
-    publish(server_id, Payload::ServerMemberUpdate(member.clone())).await;
+    Payload::ServerMemberUpdate(member.clone())
+        .to(server_id)
+        .await;
 
     Ok(Json(member))
 }
diff --git a/src/routes/servers/members/kick.rs b/src/routes/servers/members/kick.rs
index 3206c92..37b52d9 100644
--- a/src/routes/servers/members/kick.rs
+++ b/src/routes/servers/members/kick.rs
@@ -15,11 +15,9 @@ pub async fn kick(
 
     id.member(server_id).await?.remove().await?;
 
-    publish(
-        server_id,
-        Payload::ServerMemberLeave((id, server_id).into()),
-    )
-    .await;
+    Payload::ServerMemberLeave((id, server_id).into())
+        .to(server_id)
+        .await;
 
     Ok(())
 }
diff --git a/src/routes/servers/roles/create.rs b/src/routes/servers/roles/create.rs
index b647bd9..61fe66d 100644
--- a/src/routes/servers/roles/create.rs
+++ b/src/routes/servers/roles/create.rs
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ pub async fn create(
 
     let role = role.save().await?;
 
-    publish(server_id, Payload::RoleCreate(role.clone())).await;
+    Payload::RoleCreate(role.clone()).to(server_id).await;
 
     Ok(Json(role))
 }
diff --git a/src/routes/servers/roles/delete.rs b/src/routes/servers/roles/delete.rs
index 4e34362..a33e85a 100644
--- a/src/routes/servers/roles/delete.rs
+++ b/src/routes/servers/roles/delete.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,9 @@ pub async fn delete(
 
     id.role(server_id).await?.remove().await?;
 
-    publish(server_id, Payload::RoleDelete((id, server_id).into())).await;
+    Payload::RoleDelete((id, server_id).into())
+        .to(server_id)
+        .await;
 
     Ok(())
 }
diff --git a/src/routes/servers/roles/edit.rs b/src/routes/servers/roles/edit.rs
index d459711..a529486 100644
--- a/src/routes/servers/roles/edit.rs
+++ b/src/routes/servers/roles/edit.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ pub async fn edit(
 
     let role = role.update_all_fields(pool()).await?;
 
-    publish(server_id, Payload::RoleUpdate(role.clone())).await;
+    Payload::RoleUpdate(role.clone()).to(server_id).await;
 
     Ok(Json(role))
 }
diff --git a/src/routes/users/open_dm.rs b/src/routes/users/open_dm.rs
index a12d5fc..e82aaaf 100644
--- a/src/routes/users/open_dm.rs
+++ b/src/routes/users/open_dm.rs
@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ pub async fn open_dm(
     let target = id.user().await?;
     let channel = Channel::new_dm(user.id, target.id).save().await?;
 
-    publish(user.id, Payload::ChannelCreate(channel.clone())).await;
+    Payload::ChannelCreate(channel.clone()).to(user.id).await;
 
     if target.id != user.id {
-        publish(target.id, Payload::ChannelCreate(channel.clone())).await;
+        Payload::ChannelCreate(channel.clone()).to(target.id).await;
     }
 
     Ok(channel.into())
diff --git a/src/routes/users/relationships/add.rs b/src/routes/users/relationships/add.rs
index b9388f0..899229d 100644
--- a/src/routes/users/relationships/add.rs
+++ b/src/routes/users/relationships/add.rs
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ pub async fn add(Extension(mut user): Extension<User>, Path(id): Path<i64>) -> R
     user.relationship = status.1.into();
     target.relationship = status.0.into();
 
-    publish(user.id, Payload::UserUpdate(target.clone())).await;
-    publish(target.id, Payload::UserUpdate(user)).await;
+    Payload::UserUpdate(target.clone()).to(user.id).await;
+    Payload::UserUpdate(user).to(target.id).await;
 
     Ok(())
 }
diff --git a/src/routes/users/relationships/block.rs b/src/routes/users/relationships/block.rs
index b6f67cc..cd6c72e 100644
--- a/src/routes/users/relationships/block.rs
+++ b/src/routes/users/relationships/block.rs
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ pub async fn block(Extension(mut user): Extension<User>, Path(id): Path<i64>) ->
     user.relationship = status.1.into();
     target.relationship = status.0.into();
 
-    publish(user.id, Payload::UserUpdate(target.clone())).await;
-    publish(target.id, Payload::UserUpdate(user)).await;
+    Payload::UserUpdate(target.clone()).to(user.id).await;
+    Payload::UserUpdate(user).to(target.id).await;
 
     Ok(())
 }
diff --git a/src/routes/users/relationships/delete.rs b/src/routes/users/relationships/delete.rs
index c7093fa..6132235 100644
--- a/src/routes/users/relationships/delete.rs
+++ b/src/routes/users/relationships/delete.rs
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ pub async fn delete(Extension(mut user): Extension<User>, Path(id): Path<i64>) -
         user.relationship = target.relations.0.get(&user.id).copied();
         target.relationship = user.relations.0.get(&target.id).copied();
 
-        publish(user.id, Payload::UserUpdate(target.clone())).await;
-        publish(target.id, Payload::UserUpdate(user)).await;
+        Payload::UserUpdate(target.clone()).to(user.id).await;
+        Payload::UserUpdate(user).to(target.id).await;
     }
 
     Ok(())