Implement starknet_getStorageProof RPC

[weiihann]

Fixes #2180

Implementation differs a lot from #2194, but tests are mostly imported from there.

Note that we currently do not support historical proofs, only the latest one.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 61.37931% with 112 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 74.34%. Comparing base (e3acc28) to head (e8adad8).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
rpc/storage.go	58.97%	79 Missing and 17 partials ⚠️
core/state_snapshot.go	0.00%	6 Missing ⚠️
sync/pending.go	0.00%	6 Missing ⚠️
core/state.go	77.77%	2 Missing ⚠️
utils/slices.go	85.71%	1 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #2383      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   74.65%   74.34%   -0.32%     
==========================================
  Files         111      111              
  Lines       12123    12380     +257     
==========================================
+ Hits         9051     9204     +153     
- Misses       2372     2460      +88     
- Partials      700      716      +16     

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