My Lady's Hole shall no longer be drafty

bibliography.yaml

@@ -18547,3 +18547,30 @@ CharacterCoffeeHouse:
   issued: 1673
   publisher-place: London
   URL: https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-character-of-a-coffe_1673
+PuttMockHeroic:
+  type: book
+  title: 'Putt: A Mock-Heroic Poem'
+  issued: 1792
+  author:
+  - given: “A Fisherman”
+  publisher-place: Southhampton
+  publisher: A. Cunningham
+  URL: https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_putt-a-mock-heroic-poem_fisherman_1792
+PostBoyRobd:
+  type: book
+  title: 'The Post-boy rob’d of his Mail: or, the Pacquet Broke Open'
+  issued: 1692
+  publisher-place: London
+  URL: http://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A42749.0001.001
+  author:
+  - given: Charles
+    family: Gildon
+    url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Gildon
+TryalOfSkill:
+  type: book
+  title: A Tryal of Skill between a Court Lord, and a Twickenham Squire
+  issued: 1734
+  publisher-place: London
+  publisher: J. Dormer
+  URL: https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_a-tryal-of-skill-between_1734
+  notes: Contains a list of games.

src/games/my-ladys-hole/index.md

@@ -1,30 +1,32 @@
 ---
 title: My Lady’s Hole
-draft: true
+players:
+    minimum: 3
 equipment: Card game (standard deck)
 countries: UK
 ---
 
+<p class="lead"><span class="aka">My Lady’s Hole</span> was an English card game popular during the 18th century.</p>
+
 This article is about the card game; the term could also be used to refer to {%
-gameref trou-madame %} (also known as nine-holes), as well as being used in its vulgar sense.
+gameref trou-madame %} (also known as nine-holes), as well as being used in its obvious vulgar sense — in 1754 it was denounced (alongside {%gameref laugh-and-lie-down %}) as seeming “compos’d on Purpoſe to ſhock the Modeſty”.[@SeriousReflections p. 13]
+
+It also has apparently been called simply “<span class="aka">Hole</span>”, as that name appears in a list of card games in {%a john-taylor %}.[@TaylorsMotto]
 
 <!--
 See: https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=2XtWDhgljvkC&pg=PA673&lpg=PA673&dq=%22my+lady%27s+hole%22&source=bl&ots=SdWKwWQYcR&sig=ACfU3U22jqnQGfl9FiGhEfZwhN0R2ofToA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwik0emtwJr7AhXF1zgGHePNAacQ6AF6BAgoEAM#v=onepage&q=%22my%20lady's%20hole%22&f=false
 -->
 
-Some references, such as that in the song <cite>(Commodities of) The New Exchange</cite> from {%c%} 1615, must refer to the bowling game:
+Some references, such as that in the song <cite>(Commodities of) The New Exchange</cite> from {%c%} 1615, must obviously refer to the bowling game:[@MerrySongsAndBallads5 p. 4]
 
 > Here is a set of kitle pins,<br>
->  & boules at them to roule ;<br>
+> &emsp;& boules at them to roule ;<br>
 > & if you like such thundering spourt,<br>
->  Here is my ladys hole.[@MerrySongsAndBallads5 p. 4]
-
+> &emsp;Here is my ladys hole.
 
----
-
-It appears to also have been called <span class="aka">Hole</span>, as that name appears in a list of card games in @TaylorsMotto.
+## History
 
-The sexual nature of the name is punned upon in @MysteriesOfLoveAndEloquence (1685):
+The sexual nature of the name is punned upon in @MysteriesOfLoveAndEloquence (1685), although this could be a reference to the bowling game:
 
 > Q: What game do men love best?
 > 
@@ -42,17 +44,32 @@ An early definitive reference to the card game is in 1708:
 
 > We got early into our inn, played at my lady’s hole, supped, and went early to bed.[@Pendarves1]
 
-[Henry Seymour Conway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Seymour_Conway) alluded to the game in a letter to [Horace Walpole](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Walpole) dated January 19th, 1741 (OS):<!-- also, Comet -->
+As does [Fanny Burney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Burney)  in her journal entry referring to 29th March, 1770 (although she later self-censored the name of the game).[@FannyBurney 121]
+
+In 1784, it was already being referred to as “old-fashioned”,[@ObservationsOnSomeOldFashionedGames]{%fn%}This is a later adaptation of the piece in @ALetterFromALady/@ALetterFromMrsMidnight.{%endfn%} but also appears that year in a humorous tract.[@APublicansReason]
+
+## Identification
+
+There are very few clues to how the game was played, and as far as I know, no explicit lists of rules anywhere. The sole clue to the identification of this game is in a footnote in a 1792 pamphlet on the game of Put, which states that Ladies’s Hole is “Vulgarly called Whehee”.[@PuttMockHeroic 10] (The rules to {%gameref whehee %} are described on that page.)
+
+There are other vague allusions to the rules which also support this identification. [Henry Seymour Conway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Seymour_Conway) reference the game in a letter to [Horace Walpole](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Walpole) dated January 19th, 1741 (OS):<!-- also, Comet -->
 
 > For I seem to be playing at the noble amusement of my Lady’s hole, where I always have the good luck to get a king for an ace.[@YaleWalpole37 p. 86]
 
-This proves one of few clues to how the game was played; evidently cards might be exchanged.
+According to this, cards would be exchanged. However, the rank of the cards is not a counting feature in Whehee — unless rank is perhaps used to break ties — so the metaphor here may not be entirely accurate.
 
-also in [@FannyBurney]
+The other clue is in the 1692 book <cite>The Post-Boy Robbed of his Mail</cite>, which contains a letter “From a Bawd that desires a Habitation for the Exercise of her Profession”:[@PostBoyRobd 278]
 
-It is denounced (alongside {%gameref laugh-and-lie-down %}) as seeming “compos’d on Purpoſe to ſhock the Modeſty” in 1754.[@SeriousReflections p. 13]
+> The women also have their dispatches, and to speak the Truth to a Man that understands […]rap, a double Card plays best at my Lady’s Hole.
+
+Having a double card would indeed be an advantage for {%gameref whehee%}, as the holder would only need to obtain one more card of the same suit to win.
+
+The 1734 book @TryalOfSkill [5] also includes — again in a footnote — another term related to the game:
+
+> _Sipping_, or the Word _Sip_, is used when the Person wants but one Moveal to _get into_ My Lady’s-Hole.
+
+This might have worked similarly to the announcement in the modern game of “last card”.
 
-In 1784, it was already being referred to as “old-fashioned”,[@ObservationsOnSomeOldFashionedGames]{%fn%}This is a later adaptation of the piece in @ALetterFromALady/@ALetterFromMrsMidnight.{%endfn%} but also appears that year in a humorous tract.[@APublicansReason]
 
 <!--
 
@@ -71,17 +88,7 @@ https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_the-court-of-cupid-by-t_thomp
 https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_the-rump-examind-with-_faithful-reporter-of-the_1722/page/n21/mode/2up?q=%22my+lady%27s+hole%22
 
 https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_a-new-collection-of-fair_brooke-henry_1750_2/page/98/mode/2up?q=%22my+lady%27s+hole%22
--->
-
-<!--
 
-No idea how to play but .... "a double card plays best at my Lady's Hole"
-https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A42749.0001.001/1:4.1?rgn=div2;view=fulltext
-
--->
-
-
-https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_a-tryal-of-skill-between_1734/page/n3/mode/2up?q=%22lady%27s+hole%22
 
 https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_the-merry-cobler-or-th_coffey-charles_1735/page/8/mode/2up?q=%22lady%27s+hole%22
 
@@ -97,5 +104,4 @@ https://archive.org/details/sportingmagazin49unkngoog/page/n215/mode/2up?q=%22la
 
 https://archive.org/details/oldenglishplays00unkngoog/page/n241/mode/2up?q=%22ladyes+hole%22
 
-
-Same as Whehee?! https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_putt-a-mock-heroic-poem_fisherman_1792/page/n9/mode/2up?q=%22ladies+hole%22
+-->

src/games/my-sow-pigged/index.md

@@ -35,4 +35,4 @@ In 1621, the poet James Taylor included it in [a list of games](/articles/lists/
 
 It is mentioned by [Fanny Burney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Burney) in her journal of 1770, alongside other card games that she played: “Pope Joan, my lady’s hole [later corrected by herself to ‘commerce’], or <i>my sow’s Pig’d</i>”.[@FannyBurney p. 121]
 
-In later sources it is said to be the same as “<span class="aka">My Bird Sings</span>”.[@TaylorHistory p.  311]{%fn%}This reference also mentions “my hen hath laid”, but that is apparently a different game (see {%gameref circle-chases%}).{%endfn%}
+In (much) later sources it is said to be the same as “<span class="aka">My Bird Sings</span>”.[@TaylorHistory p.  311]{%fn%}This reference also mentions “my hen hath laid”, but that is apparently a different game (see {%gameref circle-chases%}).{%endfn%}

src/games/whehee/index.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ countries: UK
 ---
 
 <p class="lead">
-Whehee is a children’s card game described in Francis Willughby’s (1635–1672) “Book of Games”, where it was entered by an unidentified young person.[@FrancisWillughby p. 160]
+Whehee is a 17th-century English children’s card game described in Francis Willughby’s (1635–1672) “Book of Games”, where it was entered by an unidentified young person.[@FrancisWillughby p. 160]
 </p>
 
 ## Rules
@@ -23,7 +23,18 @@ If the dealer exchanges without becoming Whehee, then another round of exchanges
 
 ## Etymology
 
-The meaning of the name is probably onomatopœic, that of a whinny or neigh made by a horse. This is shown well in the play [<cite>The Coxcombe</cite>](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Coxcomb), performed around 1610, and first published in 1647:[@FrancisBeaumontJohnFletcher 102]
+The meaning of the name is probably onomatopœic, that of a whinny or some other sound made by a horse. This usage goes right back to [Chaucer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer), where in the Reeve’s tale:
+
+> He looketh up and doun til he hath founde<br>
+> The clerkes hors, ther as it stood ybounde<br>
+> Bihynde the mille, under a levesel;<br>
+> And to the hors he goth hym faire and wel,<br>
+> He strepeth of the brydel right anon.<br>
+> And whan the hors was laus, he gynneth gon<br>
+> Toward the fen, ther wilde mares renne,<br>
+> And forth with “wehee,” thurgh thikke and thurgh thenne.
+
+More relevant to the 17th-century game, we find in the play [<cite>The Coxcombe</cite>](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Coxcomb) (performed {%c%} 1610, and first published in 1647):[@FrancisBeaumontJohnFletcher 102]
 
 > _Vio[la]._ Y’are so gentle people to my seeming, that by my truth I could live with you.
 > 
@@ -36,28 +47,28 @@ The meaning of the name is probably onomatopœic, that of a whinny or neigh made
 > _Dor[o]t[hy]._ Vds pretious{%fn%}i.e. “Gods precious”[@NotSoYdle 89]{%endfn%} you young contagious whore must you be ticing? and is your flesh so wrank sir, that two may live upon’t? I am glad to heare your cortall{%fn%}A type of small horse, which often had its tail cut short.{%endfn%} grown so lusty; he was dry foundered tother day, wehee my pampered jade of _Asia_.{%fn%}“Jade” here means an inferior or worn-out horse; “pampered jades of Asia” is a quotation in mockery of [Marlowe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Marlowe)’s [<cite>Tamburlaine</cite>](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamburlaine):
 “Holla ye pamper’d jades of Asia! / What, can ye draw but twenty miles a-day,[…]” This line is also ridiculed in Shakespeare’s Henry IV (2.4).{%endfn%}
 
-… as well as in <cite>The Vow-Breaker</cite>, published 1636:[@VowBreaker 70]
+… as well as in the play <cite>The Vow-Breaker</cite>, published 1636:[@VowBreaker 70]
 
 > _Bo[ote]._ _Miles_ you came to steale my Neece.
 >
-> _Mi[les]._ Oh Lord sir; I cam to furnish the hobby-horse.
+> _Mi[les]._ Oh Lord sir; I came to furnish the hobby-horse.
 >
 > _Bo[ote]._ Get into your hobby-horse, gallop, and be gon then, or i’le Morisdance you—Mistris waite you on me. _Exit._
 >
 > _Urs[ula]._ Farewell good hobby-horse—weehee— _Exit._
 
-... or in <cite>The Rape of the Bride</cite>, 1723:[@RapeOfTheBride 24]
+... or in the book <cite>The Rape of the Bride</cite>, 1723:[@RapeOfTheBride 24]
 
-> The Clime’s Produce, is hard, strong,<br/>
-> Where _Boreas_ Breat does Life prolong.<br/>
+> The Clime’s Produce, is hardy, strong,<br/>
+> Where _Boreas_ Breath does Life prolong.<br/>
 > ’Tis thence we owe the best of Breeds;<br/>
 > ’Tis thence we have the bravest Steeds,<br/>
-> For Stallion, War-Horse, Coach-Horse, Race,<br/>
+> For Stallion, War-Horse, Coach-Horse, Racer,<br/>
 > Galloper, Trotter, Ambler, Pacer.<br/>
 > There’s none comes near ’em (<span lang="la">crede mihi</span>){%fn%}“believe me”{%endfn%}<br/>
 > To neigh, curvett, to prance, or weehee!
 
-... or in <cite>The Character of a Coffee-House</cite>:[@CharacterCoffeeHouse 6]
+... or in the pamphlet <cite>The Character of a Coffee-House</cite>:[@CharacterCoffeeHouse 6]
 
 > To discourse him seriously is to read the _Ethicks to a Monkey_, or make an Oration to Caligula’s horse,{%fn%}[Incitatus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incitatus){%endfn%} whence you can only expect a _weehee_ or _Jadish spurn_; […]
 
@@ -67,7 +78,7 @@ The meaning of the name is probably onomatopœic, that of a whinny or neigh made
 The closest I have found is “wehee” which is recorded in the <abbr title="Oxford English Dictionary" class="initialism">OED</abbr> as an old onomatopœic representation of a horse’s whinny (and can also be spelled in many different ways).
 -->
 
-In the commentary of @FrancisWillughby [p. 290] it is suggested that the sound is of the “squealing of piglets”, and that the game is related to {% gameref my-sow-pigged %}.
+In the commentary of @FrancisWillughby [p. 290] it is suggested that the sound is of the “squealing of piglets” (clearly inaccurate, going by the above quotes), and that the game is related to {% gameref my-sow-pigged %}.
 
 
-The game is also possibly the same as the game later recorded as ‘Wizzy, Wizzy, Wee’ in Shropshire, which is said to be the same as {% gameref my-sow-pigged %}.[@ShropshireFolklore3 p. 527]
+The game is possibly the same as the game later recorded as ‘Wizzy, Wizzy, Wee’ in Shropshire, which is also said to be the same as {% gameref my-sow-pigged %}.[@ShropshireFolklore3 p. 527]