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Tom's edits of tax smoothing lecture, Feb 3
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thomassargent30 committed Feb 3, 2025
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This is a sister lecture to our lecture on {doc}`consumption-smoothing <cons_smooth>`.


By renaming variables, we obtain a a version of a model "tax-smoothing model" that Robert Barro {cite}`Barro1979` used to explain why governments sometimes choose not to balance their budgets every period but instead use issue debt to smooth tax rates over time.
By renaming variables, we obtain a version of a model "tax-smoothing model" that Robert Barro {cite}`Barro1979` used to explain why governments sometimes choose not to balance their budgets every period but instead use issue debt to smooth tax rates over time.

The government chooses a tax collection path that minimizes the present value of its costs of raising revenue.

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Use the system of equations {eq}`eq:B_t` for $t=0, \ldots, S$ to compute a path $B$ of government debt.
To do this, we translate that system of difference equations into a single matrix equation as follows:
To do this, we transform that system of difference equations into a single matrix equation as follows:
$$
\begin{bmatrix}
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```{code-cell} ipython3
# Spending surge W_0 = 2.5
G_seq_pos = np.concatenate([np.ones(21), np.array([2.5]),
np.ones(24), np.zeros(20)])
np.ones(24), np.ones(20)])
plot_ts(tax_model, B0, G_seq_pos)
```
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λ = 0.95
geo_seq = λ ** np.arange(t_max) * G_0
G_seq_geo = np.concatenate(
[geo_seq, np.zeros(20)])
[geo_seq, λ ** t_max * np.ones(20)])
plot_ts(tax_model, B0, G_seq_geo)
```
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