feat: add dutch national flag 3 way sort

sorting/dnf_sort.c

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/**
+ * @file
+ * @brief Program to perform [dutch national
+ * flag](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_national_flag_problem) of a target
+ * value in a given {0, 1, 2} containing array.
+ * @authors [Bijan Riesenberg](https://github.com/Data-Hero) Iterative
+ */
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+/**
+ * @brief Dutch National Flag 3-Way inplace sort algorithm
+ * @param arr array containting elements from {0, 1, 2} to be sorted
+ * @param size size of the array
+ */
+void dnfSort(int8_t *arr, int size)
+{
+    int low = 0, mid = 0, high = size - 1;
+    int8_t temp = 0;
+    while (mid <= high)
+    {
+        switch (arr[mid])
+        {
+        case 0:
+            temp = arr[low];
+            arr[low++] = arr[mid];
+            arr[mid++] = temp;
+            break;
+        case 1:
+            ++mid;
+            break;
+        case 2:
+            temp = arr[mid];
+            arr[mid++] = arr[high];
+            arr[high--] = temp;
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Print an array containing int8_t elements
+ *
+ * @param arr array containting elements from {0, 1, 2} (int8_t) to be printed
+ * @param size size of the array
+ */
+void printArray(int8_t *arr, int size)
+{
+    for (int c = 0; c < size; c++)
+    {
+        c != size - 1 ? printf("%" PRIi8 ", ", arr[c])
+                      : printf("%" PRIi8 "\n", arr[c]);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Input an array of {0, 1, 2} and use the
+ * Dutch National Flag 3-Way sort algorithm to sort
+ *
+ * @return int 0 if successful 1 if input is not in {0, 1, 2}
+ */
+int main(void)
+{
+    int n = 3;
+    int8_t *arr1 = (int8_t *)malloc(sizeof(int8_t) * n);
+    arr1[0] = 2, arr1[1] = 1, arr1[2] = 0;
+    printf("Original: \n");
+    printArray(arr1, n);
+    dnfSort(arr1, n);
+    printf("Sorted: \n");
+    printArray(arr1, n);
+    free(arr1);
+
+    n = 0;
+    printf("Enter size of array:\n");
+    scanf("%d", &n);  // E.g. 8
+
+    printf("Enter the elements in {0, 1, 2} of the array\n");
+    int i;
+    int8_t *arr2 = (int8_t *)malloc(sizeof(int8_t) * n);
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    {
+        scanf("%" SCNi8, &arr2[i]);
+        if (arr2[i] > 2 || arr2[i] < 0)
+        {
+            printf("Elements need to be in {0, 1, 2}");
+            return 1;
+        }
+    }
+    printf("Original: \n");
+    printArray(arr2, n);
+    dnfSort(arr2, n);
+    printf("Sorted: \n");
+    printArray(arr2, n);
+
+    free(arr2);
+    return 0;
+}