soot on ice

Episode006.md

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 # Soot on Ice
 
-Soot particles, or black carbon particles, are one of the most efficient light absorbing particles in the atmosphere. These particles have natural and anthropogenic sources. Natural sources are from wildfires, which are common in the boreal forests covering the northern latitudes. Human sources are associated with controlled combustion, including industry emissions, car and ship exhaust, flaring of waste gas, as well as household cooking and heating.  
+Soot particles, or black carbon particles, are one of the most efficient light absorbing particles in the atmosphere. These particles have natural and anthropogenic sources. Natural sources are from wildfires, which are common in the boreal forests covering the northern latitudes. Human sources are associated with controlled combustion, including industrial emissions, car and ship exhaust, flaring of natural gas, household cooking, and heating.  
 
 While some black carbon is generated in the Arctic, most black carbon is transported to the Arctic through storm systems. The map below shows a snapshot in time of the lower atmospheric black carbon concentration. Note how the black carbon is localized in fronts that move through the atmosphere with weather systems.
 
 ![Black carbon map](/assets/black_carbon_forecast.png)
 
-**Figure 1.** Now cast of black carbon concentrations in the lower atmosphere generated by the [NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office](https://fluid.nccs.nasa.gov/missions/chem3d_mission%2BMOSAIC/). The large landmass on the bottom left is Greenland. 
+**Figure 1.** Black carbon concentrations in the lower atmosphere generated by the [NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office](https://fluid.nccs.nasa.gov/missions/chem3d_mission%2BMOSAIC/). The large landmass on the bottom left is Greenland. 
 
-Once the black carbon reaches the Arctic their impact on the environment is complex. The black carbon particles may influence Arctic clouds by serving as [cloud condensation nuclei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_condensation_nuclei) or [ice nucleating particles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_nucleus). When the sun is up, black carbon floating in the air absorbs solar radiation, causing additional warming of the Arctic atmosphere. Eventually, the black carbon particles will deposit on Arctic ice.
-Once covered with black carbon, the surface absorbs solar energy causing the ice to melt earlier than it would have without black carbon. Combined, these effects contribute to accelerated warming of the Arctic and sea ice loss from a warming climate.
+Once the black carbon reaches the Arctic their impact on the environment is complex. The black carbon particles may influence Arctic clouds by serving as [cloud condensation nuclei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_condensation_nuclei) or [ice nucleating particles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_nucleus). When the sun is up, black carbon floating in the air absorbs solar radiation, causing additional warming of the Arctic atmosphere. Eventually, the black carbon particles will deposit on Arctic ice. Once contaminated with black carbon, the surface absorbs solar energy more efficiently and this causes the ice to melt earlier than it would have without black carbon. Combined, these effects contribute to accelerated warming of the Arctic and sea ice loss from a warming climate.
 
 These are some of the reasons why our team is participating in CAESAR. During the first research flight we flew straight westward over the Norwegian Sea the Greenland Sea and then flying over the edge of the Greenland ice shelf.