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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<title>GVP LOD: Ontologies and Semantic Representation</title>
<meta name="author" content="(Vladimir Alexiev, Data and Ontology Group, Ontotext Corp)"/>
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<section>
<h2>GVP LOD: Ontologies and Semantic Representation</h2> <p class='center'>Vladimir Alexiev, Data and Ontology Group, Ontotext Corp</p> <p class='center'><img src="./img/lod_getty_logo.png" style="width:400px"/></p> <p class='center'>CIDOC Congress, Dresden, Germany <br/>2014-09-05: International Terminology Working Group: <br/> full version (<a href='http://VladimirAlexiev.github.io/pres/20140905-CIDOC-GVP/index.html'>HTML</a>, <a href='http://VladimirAlexiev.github.io/pres/20140905-CIDOC-GVP/GVP-LOD-CIDOC.pdf'>PDF</a>, <a href='http://www.slideshare.net/valexiev1/gvp-lodcidoc'>slideshare</a>) <br/>2014-09-09: Getty special session: <br/> short version (<a href='http://VladimirAlexiev.github.io/pres/20140905-CIDOC-GVP/short.html'>HTML</a>, <a href='http://VladimirAlexiev.github.io/pres/20140905-CIDOC-GVP/GVP-LOD-CIDOC-short.pdf'>PDF</a>, <a href='http://www.slideshare.net/valexiev1/gvp-lodcidocshort'>slideshare</a>)</p> <p class='center'> <p class='center'>Press <a href='javascript:Reveal.toggleOverview()'>O for overview</a>, <a href='../../reveal.js/reveal-help.html' target='_blank'>H for help</a>.<br/> Proudly made in plain text with <a href='https://github.com/hakimel/reveal.js/'>reveal.js</a>, <a href='https://github.com/yjwen/org-reveal'>org-reveal</a>, <a href='http://orgmode.org'>org-mode</a> and <a href='http://www.gnu.org/s/emacs/'>emacs</a>.</p></section>
<section id="table-of-contents">
<h2>Table of Contents</h2><ul>
<li>
<a href="#/sec-1">Getty Vocabularies LOD</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#/sec-2">GVP Vocabulary Data</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#/sec-3">External Ontologies</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#/sec-4">GVP Semantic Representation</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#/sec-5">TGN Specifics: Concept-Place Duality</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#/sec-6">Inference</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#/sec-7">Documentation</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#/sec-8">GVP LOD Usage</a>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<section id="sec-1" >
<h2>Getty Vocabularies LOD</h2>
<p>
<a href="http://vocab.getty.edu">http://vocab.getty.edu</a>
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Art and Architecture Thesaurus (AAT): released Feb 2014
</li>
<li>Thesaurus of Geographic Names (TGN): released Aug 2014
</li>
</ul>
<p>
Work continues with:
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Unified List of Artist Names (ULAN)
</li>
<li>Cultural Object Names Authority (CONA)
</li>
<li>Getty Museum data
</li>
<li>AATA bibliography
</li>
</ul>
<p>
Museum and CONA are more complex, involves LIDO/CDWA-lite XML to CIDOC CRM (RDF)
</p>
</section>
<section id="sec-1-1" >
<h3>Cultural Heritage LOD</h3>
<p>
Working at the center. (Shows thesauri only, not yet CONA/Museum data)
</p>
<img src="./img/Culture-datacloud-large.png" alt="Culture-datacloud-large.png" class="stretch" style="width:850px" />
</section>
<section id="sec-1-2" >
<h3>Ontotext Scope of Work</h3>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Semantic/ontology development: <a href="http://vocab.getty.edu/ontology">http://vocab.getty.edu/ontology</a>
</li>
<li>Contributed to <a href="http://purl.org/iso25964/skos-thes">ISO 25964 ontology</a> (latest standard on thesauri). Provided implementation experience, suggestions and fixes
</li>
<li>Complete mapping specification
</li>
<li>Help implement R2RML scripts working off Getty's Oracle database, contribution to Perl implementation (RDB2RDF), R2RML extension (rrx:languageColumn)
</li>
<li>Work with a wide External Reviewers group (people from OCLC, Europeana, ISO 25964 working group, etc)
</li>
<li>GraphDB (OWLIM) semantic repository. Enterprise Edition (clustered for high-availability)
</li>
<li>Semantic application development (customized Forest user interface) and tech consulting
</li>
<li>SPARQL 1.1 compliant endpoint: <a href="http://vocab.getty.edu/sparql">http://vocab.getty.edu/sparql</a>
</li>
<li>Comprehensive documentation (100 pages): <a href="http://vocab.getty.edu/doc">http://vocab.getty.edu/doc</a>
</li>
<li>Lots of sample queries, including charts, geographic queries, etc
</li>
<li>Per-entity export files, explicit/total data dumps. Many formats: RDF, Turtle, NTriples, JSON, JSON-LD (upcoming)
</li>
<li>Help desk / support
</li>
<li>Presentations, scientific papers
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="sec-1-3" >
<h3>GVP LOD Architecture</h3>
<p>
Quite straightforward
</p>
<img src="./img/GVP-architecture.png" alt="GVP-architecture.png" class="stretch" style="width:900px" />
</section>
<section id="sec-1-4" >
<h3>Semantic Resolution & Content Negotiation</h3>
<p>
All GVP, AAT and TGN URLs resolve, returning human or machine readable content through content negotiation (303 redirect).
Eg about the ontology:
</p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" rules="all" frame="box">
<colgroup>
<col class="left" />
<col class="left" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="left"><a href="http://vocab.getty.edu/ontology">http://vocab.getty.edu/ontology</a></td>
<td class="left">semantic URI, content-negotiated</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left"><a href="http://vocab.getty.edu/ontology.html">http://vocab.getty.edu/ontology.html</a></td>
<td class="left">HTML page (application/xhtml+xml).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left"><a href="http://vocab.getty.edu/ontology.rdf">http://vocab.getty.edu/ontology.rdf</a></td>
<td class="left">application/rdf+xml</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left"><a href="http://vocab.getty.edu/ontology.ttl">http://vocab.getty.edu/ontology.ttl</a></td>
<td class="left">text/turtle</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>
Eg about an AAT subject
</p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" rules="all" frame="box">
<colgroup>
<col class="left" />
<col class="left" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="left"><a href="http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300011154">http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300011154</a></td>
<td class="left">semantic URI, content-negotiated</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left"><a href="http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300011154.html">http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300011154.html</a></td>
<td class="left">Forest HTML page (application/xhtml+xml).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left"><a href="http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300011154.rdf">http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300011154.rdf</a></td>
<td class="left">application/rdf+xml</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left"><a href="http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300011154.ttl">http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300011154.ttl</a></td>
<td class="left">text/turtle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left"><a href="http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300011154.nt">http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300011154.nt</a></td>
<td class="left">NTriples</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left"><a href="http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300011154.json">http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300011154.json</a></td>
<td class="left">JSON (to change to .rj)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left"><a href="http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300011154.jsonld">http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300011154.jsonld</a></td>
<td class="left">JSON-LD (upcoming)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="sec-2" >
<h2>GVP Vocabulary Data</h2>
<p>
Scope includes:
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Subjects: Concepts but also non-concepts
</li>
<li>Terms as plain (SKOS) and rich (SKOS-XL) labels. Term characteristics
</li>
<li>Hierarchical relations: custom & standard, distinguish BTG,BTP,BTI
</li>
<li>Associative Relations
</li>
<li>Historic info on rels (rdf:Statement) and terms
</li>
<li>Obsolete subjects
</li>
<li>Alignment (exactMatch to LCSH)
</li>
<li>Sources (bibo:Document, bibo:DocumentPart with locator)
</li>
<li>Contributors (foaf:Agent)
</li>
<li>Revision history (prov:Activity)
</li>
<li>Thesaurus-specific data (for now: TGN place types, coordinates
</li>
</ul>
<p>
Richer than any other SKOS thesaurus I've seen
</p>
</section>
<section id="sec-2-1" >
<h3>AAT Relational Schema</h3>
<img src="./img/AAT_erd2_20100914.png" alt="AAT_erd2_20100914.png" class="stretch" style="width:1000px" />
</section>
<section id="sec-2-2" >
<h3>AAT Conceptual Diagram</h3>
<img src="./img/DataDict.png" alt="DataDict.png" class="stretch" style="width:1000px" />
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="sec-3" >
<h2>External Ontologies</h2>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" rules="all" frame="box">
<colgroup>
<col class="left" />
<col class="left" />
<col class="left" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="left"><b>Prefix</b></td>
<td class="left"><b>Ontology</b></td>
<td class="left"><b>Used for</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">bibo:</td>
<td class="left">Bibliography Ontology</td>
<td class="left">Sources</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">dc:</td>
<td class="left">Dublin Core Elements</td>
<td class="left">common</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">dct:</td>
<td class="left">Dublin Core Terms</td>
<td class="left">common</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">foaf:</td>
<td class="left">Friend of a Friend ontology</td>
<td class="left">Contributors</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">iso:</td>
<td class="left">ISO 25946 (latest on thesauri)</td>
<td class="left">iso:ThesaurusArray, BTG/BTP/BTI</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">owl:</td>
<td class="left">Web Ontology Language</td>
<td class="left">Basic RDF representation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">prov:</td>
<td class="left">Provenance Ontology</td>
<td class="left">Revision history</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">rdf:</td>
<td class="left">Resource Description Framework</td>
<td class="left">Basic RDF representation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">rdfs:</td>
<td class="left">RDF Schema</td>
<td class="left">Basic RDF representation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">schema:</td>
<td class="left">Schema.org</td>
<td class="left">common, geo (TGN)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">skos:</td>
<td class="left">Simple Knowledge Organization System</td>
<td class="left">Basis vocabulary representation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">skosxl:</td>
<td class="left">SKOS Extension for Labels</td>
<td class="left">Rich labels</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">wgs:</td>
<td class="left">W3C World Geodetic Survey geo</td>
<td class="left">Geo (TGN)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">xsd:</td>
<td class="left">XML Schema Datatypes</td>
<td class="left">Basic RDF representation</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
<section id="sec-3-1" >
<h3>Auxiliary Ontologies</h3>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" rules="all" frame="box">
<colgroup>
<col class="left" />
<col class="left" />
<col class="left" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="left"><b>Prefix</b></td>
<td class="left"><b>Ontology</b></td>
<td class="left"><b>Used for</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">luc:</td>
<td class="left">OWLIM's built-in Lucene</td>
<td class="left">Full Text index & queries</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">ontogeo:</td>
<td class="left">OWLIM geo-spatial extensions</td>
<td class="left">Geo-spatial index & queries</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">ptop:</td>
<td class="left">Ontotext PROTON top-level ontology</td>
<td class="left">Inferencing (Extended Property Constructs)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">rr:</td>
<td class="left">Relational to RDF Mapping Language</td>
<td class="left">Conversion Oracle->RDF</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">rrx:</td>
<td class="left">R2RML extension</td>
<td class="left">rrx:languageColumn</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
<section id="sec-3-2" >
<h3>Descriptive Info Ontologies</h3>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" rules="all" frame="box">
<colgroup>
<col class="left" />
<col class="left" />
<col class="left" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="left"><b>Prefix</b></td>
<td class="left"><b>Ontology</b></td>
<td class="left"><b>Used for</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">adms:</td>
<td class="left">Asset Description Metadata Schema</td>
<td class="left">Dataset description</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">cc:</td>
<td class="left">Creative Commons Rights Expressions</td>
<td class="left">License rights</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">dcat:</td>
<td class="left">Data Catalog Vocabulary</td>
<td class="left">Dataset description</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">dctype:</td>
<td class="left">DCMI Type Vocabulary</td>
<td class="left">Dataset class</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">fmt:</td>
<td class="left">RDF formats used in datasets</td>
<td class="left">Formats of data dumps</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">sd:</td>
<td class="left">SPARQL Service Description</td>
<td class="left">SPARQL endpoint capabilities (future)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">vaem:</td>
<td class="left">Vocabulary Attaching Essential Metadata</td>
<td class="left">Not used yet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">vann:</td>
<td class="left">Vocabulary for annotating vocabularies</td>
<td class="left">Namespace and prefix</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">vcard:</td>
<td class="left">vCard (contact info)</td>
<td class="left">Contact info</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">vdpp:</td>
<td class="left">Vocabulary for Dataset Publ Projects</td>
<td class="left">Not used yet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">voaf:</td>
<td class="left">Vocabulary of a Friend</td>
<td class="left">Linked Open Vocabularies (LOV)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">voag:</td>
<td class="left">Vocabulary Of Attribution and Governance</td>
<td class="left">Frequency of publication</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">void:</td>
<td class="left">Vocabulary of Interlinked Datasets</td>
<td class="left">Basis descr, LOD registration</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">wdrs:</td>
<td class="left">Protocol for Web Description Resources</td>
<td class="left">Described by from dataset to doc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">wv:</td>
<td class="left">A vocabulary for waivers of rights</td>
<td class="left">License rights</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="sec-4" >
<h2>GVP Semantic Representation</h2>
<img src="./img/semantic-overview-1.png" alt="semantic-overview-1.png" class="stretch" style="width:900px" />
</section>
<section id="sec-4-1" >
<h3>GVP Semantic Representation (2)</h3>
<img src="./img/semantic-overview-2.png" alt="semantic-overview-2.png" class="stretch" style="width:750px" />
</section>
<section id="sec-4-2" >
<h3>GVP Subject Classes</h3>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>GVP Subjects include both Concepts and non-concepts (for organizing the hierarchy, not for indexing)
</li>
</ul>
<p>
We handle "impedance mismatch" with
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>SKOS: restrict skos:related, infer skos:broader
</li>
<li>ISO: infer iso:broaderGeneric/Partitive/Instantial
</li>
</ul>
<p>
S=Standard, G=GVP common, A=AAT, T=TGN
</p>
<img src="./img/006-subject-classes.png" alt="006-subject-classes.png" class="stretch" style="width:1000px" />
</section>
<section id="sec-4-3" >
<h3>Obsolete Subjects</h3>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>AAT obsolete subjects are 4.4% of valid subjects, which shows a good rate of editorial actions
</li>
<li>Obsolete subjects may have been used in client data. In order not to leave such data hanging, we publish minimal information:
</li>
</ul>
<pre class="example">
aat:300123456 a gvp:ObsoleteSubject; # Was made non-publishable
skos:prefLabel "Made up subject";
skos:inScheme aat: ;
schema:endDate "2012-12-31T12:34:56"^^xsd:dateTime.
aat:300386746 a gvp:ObsoleteSubject; # Was merged to a dominant Subject
skos:prefLabel "Buncheong";
skos:inScheme aat: ;
dct:isReplacedBy aat:300018699; # Punch'ong
schema:endDate "2012-12-31T12:34:56"^^xsd:dateTime.
</pre>
</section>
<section id="sec-4-4" >
<h3>Hierarchical Relations</h3>
<p>
Use iso:ThesaurusArray to allow Guide Terms below Concepts. Infer cross-threading SKOS/ISO broader relations
</p>
<img src="./img/008-complex-hierarchy.png" alt="008-complex-hierarchy.png" class="stretch" style="width:650px" />
</section>
<section id="sec-4-5" >
<h3>Key Values (Flags) Are Important</h3>
<p>
Excel-driven Ontology Generation™ (getty-codes.xls to getty-codes.ttl)<br />
Key <b>val</b> can be mapped to Custom sub-class, Custom (sub-)prop, <a href="http://vocab.getty.edu/doc/#Ontology_Values">Ontology Value</a> (eg <term/kind/Abbreviation>)
</p>
<img src="./img/getty-codes.png" alt="getty-codes.png" class="stretch" style="width:1000px" />
</section>
<section id="sec-4-6" >
<h3>Associative Relations Are Valuable</h3>
<p>
More Excel-driven Ontology Generation™ (assoc-rels.xls to assoc-rels.ttl)
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Relations come in owl:inverseOf pairs (or owl:SymmetricProperty self-inverse)
</li>
<li>Should we make a subproperty hierarchy?
</li>
</ul>
<img src="./img/assoc-rels.png" alt="assoc-rels.png" class="stretch" style="width:1000px" />
</section>
<section id="sec-4-7" >
<h3>GVP Ontology Documentation</h3>
<p>
<a href="http://vocab.getty.edu/ontology">http://vocab.getty.edu/ontology</a>, <a href="http://lov.okfn.org/dataset/lov/details/vocabulary_gvp.html">LOV Entry</a> (10 classes, 177 props)
</p>
<img src="./img/GVP-ontology.png" alt="GVP-ontology.png" class="stretch" style="width:1000px" />
</section>
<section id="sec-4-8" >
<h3>GVP Ontology: a Class</h3>
<img src="./img/GVP-ontology-class.png" alt="GVP-ontology-class.png" class="stretch" style="width:1000px" />
</section>
<section id="sec-4-9" >
<h3>ISO 25946: Latest Standard on Thesauri</h3>
<img src="./img/002-ISO_25964_Model.jpg" alt="002-ISO_25964_Model.jpg" class="stretch" style="width:1000px" />
</section>
<section id="sec-4-10" >
<h3>Use of iso:ThesaurusArray in GVP</h3>
<p>
Use for ordered children. Novelty: if parent is Concept, use anonymous array. Careful crafting of URLs to make rdf:List
</p>
<img src="./img/GVP-isoThesaurusArray.png" alt="GVP-isoThesaurusArray.png" class="stretch" style="width:1000px" />
</section>
<section id="sec-4-11" >
<h3>Contribution to ISO 25946</h3>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Contributed to <a href="http://purl.org/iso25964/skos-thes">ISO 25946 ontology</a> (<a href="http://lov.okfn.org/dataset/lov/details/vocabulary_iso-thes.html">LOV entry</a>)
</li>
<li>First industrial use of ISO 25946
</li>
<li>Defined appropriate combinations of BTG, BTP, BTI relations (first formally defined in ISO).
</li>
</ul>
<p>
On Compositionality of ISO 25964 Hierarchical Relations (BTG, BTP, BTI), V.Alexiev, J.Lindenthal, A.Isaac.
<a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7BFygWDV2_PNkQycHl0bWNLak0">Draft paper</a>, <a href="http://VladimirAlexiev.github.io/pres/20140912-NKOS-compositionality/index.htm">Presentation</a> at <a href="https://at-web1.comp.glam.ac.uk/pages/research/hypermedia/nkos/nkos2014/programme.html">NKOS 2014</a> Workshop at DL 2014, London, 12 Sep 2014
</p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" rules="all" frame="box">
<colgroup>
<col class="left" />
<col class="left" />
<col class="left" />
<col class="left" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="left"> </td>
<td class="left"><b>BTGx</b></td>
<td class="left"><b>BTPx</b></td>
<td class="left"><b>BTIx</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left"><b>BTGx</b></td>
<td class="left">BTGE: numerous examples</td>
<td class="left">BTPE: beak irons BTG anvil components BTP <anvils and anvil accessories></td>
<td class="left">no</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left"><b>BTPx</b></td>
<td class="left">BTPE: anvil components BTP <anvils and anvil accessories> BTG <forging and metal-shaping tools></td>
<td class="left">BTPE: Sofia BTP Bulgaria BTP Europe</td>
<td class="left">no: Sofia BTP Bulgaria BTI country, but Sofia is no country</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left"><b>BTIx</b></td>
<td class="left">BTIE: Mt Athos BTI orthodox religious center BTG Christian religious center</td>
<td class="left">no</td>
<td class="left">no</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
<section id="sec-4-12" >
<h3>Terms</h3>
<p>
Support multilingual labels: both SKOS (plain)…
</p>
<pre class="example">
aat:300198841 a skos:Concept , gvp:Subject , gvp:Concept ;
skos:prefLabel "rhyta"@el-latn , "rhyta"@en , "rhytons"@es , "rhytons"@fr , "rytons"@nl ;
skos:altLabel "rhyta"@es , "rhyton"@es , "rhyton"@en , "rhyton"@el-latn ...;
skosxl:prefLabel aat_term:1000198841-en , aat_term:1000198841-el-Latn ...;
skosxl:altLabel aat_term:1000198841-es , aat_term:1000297235-en ...
</pre>
<p>
… and rich info in SKOS-XL:
</p>
<pre class="example">
aat_term:1000198841-en a skosxl:Label ;
dc:identifier "1000198841" ;
dct:language aat:300388277 , gvp_lang:en ; # owl:sameAs
dct:contributor aat_contrib:10000000 , aat_contrib:10000131 , aat_contrib:10000088 ;
skosxl:literalForm "rhyta"@en ; #### with Qualifier if applicable
gvp:term "rhyta"@en ; #### no qualifier
gvp:displayOrder "1"^^xsd:positiveInteger ;
gvp:termType <http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/term/type/Descriptor> ; #### Descr/AltDescr/UseFor
gvp:termPOS <http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/term/POS/PluralNoun> ; #### Part of Speech
gvp:contributorPreferred aat_contrib:10000000 , aat_contrib:10000088 ;
gvp:contributorNonPreferred aat_contrib:10000131 ;
gvp:sourcePreferred aat_source:2000024811 , aat_source:2000051089-term-1000198841...;
dct:source aat_source:2000024811 , aat_source:2000052946 , aat_source:2000049728...;
gvp:sourceNonPreferred aat_source:2000052946 ;
gvp:sourceAlternatePreferred aat_source:2000048328-term-1000198841 .
</pre>
</section>
<section id="sec-4-13" >
<h3>Languages</h3>
<p>
<a href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry">IANA Language Subtag Registry</a>: 9000 registrations (broken down by Type and Scope):
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>7769 languages
</li>
<li>227 extlangs, e.g. ar-auz (Uzbeki Arabic)
</li>
<li>116 language collections, e.g. bh (Bihari languages)
</li>
<li>62 macrolanguages, e.g. zh (Chinese), cr (Cree)
</li>
<li>4 special languages, e.g. und (Undetermined)
</li>
<li>162 scripts, eg Latn (Latin), Japn (Japanese)
</li>
<li>301 regions, e.g. US (United States), 021 (Northern America)
</li>
<li>61 variants
</li>
<li>67 redundant
</li>
<li>26 grandfathered
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="sec-4-14" >
<h3>Custom Language Tags</h3>
<p>
Despite the richness of IANA tags, we had to define new tags, using several extension mechanisms:
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Private language, e.g.
<ul class="org-ul">
<li><b>x-byzantin-Latn</b>: Byzantine Greek (transliterated)
</li>
<li><b>x-khasian</b>: Khasian
</li>
<li><b>x-frisian</b> (IANA/ISO has codes for predecessor Old Frisian and dialects West, Saterland and North Frisian)
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Private language used in specific region, e.g.
<ul class="org-ul">
<li><b>qqq-002</b>: African language (not specified which)
</li>
<li><b>qqq-142</b>: Asian language (not specified which)
</li>
<li><b>qqq-ET</b>: Ethiopian (not specified which: Boro/Borna, Karo, Male…)
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Private modifier, e.g.
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>grc-Latn- <b>x-liturgic</b>: Liturgical Greek
</li>
<li>ber-Latn- <b>x-dialect</b>: Berber Dialects (transliterated)
</li>
<li>fa-Latn- <b>x-middle</b>: Persian, Middle (transliterated)
</li>
<li>zh-Latn-pinyin- <b>x-notone</b>: Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>
Future: publish lang tags (we now publish only ISO2 & ISO3 codes)
</p>
</section>
<section id="sec-4-15" >
<h3>Sources</h3>
<p>
bibo:Document or bibo:DocumentPart
</p>
<pre class="example">
aat_source:2000051089 a bibo:Document;
dc:identifier "2000051089"
bibo:shortTitle "AATA database (2002-)";
dct:title "Getty Conservation Institute (GCI). database of AATA Online... 2002-. ".
aat_source:2000051089-term-1000198841 a bibo:DocumentPart;
dct:isPartOf aat_source:2000051089;
bibo:locator "128257 checked 26 January 2012".
</pre>
<p>
Applied to subject, term, scopeNote:
</p>
<pre class="example">
aat:300198841 # subject (rhyta)
dct:source aat_source:2000030301-subject-300198841;
dct:source aat_source:2000052378.
aat_term:1000198841-en # term "rhyta"@en
gvp:sourceNonPreferred aat_source:2000049728;
dct:source aat_source:2000051089-term-1000198841.
aat_scopeNote:34904 # scopeNote
dct:source aat_source:2000046502.
</pre>
</section>
<section id="sec-4-16" >
<h3>Contributors</h3>
<p>
foaf:Agent
</p>
<pre class="example">
aat_contrib:10000131 a foaf:Agent;
dc:identifier "10000131";
foaf:nick "CDBP-DIBAM";
foaf:name "Centro de Documentación de Bienes Patrimoniales...".
</pre>
<p>
Applied to subject, term, scopeNote:
</p>
<pre class="example">
aat:300198841 # subject "rhyta"
dct:contributor aat_contrib:10000131;
dct:contributor aat_contrib:10000000.
aat_term:1000198841-en # term "rhyta"@en
gvp:contributorNonPreferred aat_contrib:10000131;
gvp:contributorPreferred aat_contrib:10000000.
aat_scopeNote:34904 # scopeNote
dct:contributor aat_contrib:10000000.
</pre>
</section>
<section id="sec-4-17" >
<h3>Historic Info</h3>
<p>
Includes dates of applicability, historicFlag, comment. Applied to terms; relations, place types (using rdf:Statement)
</p>
<pre class="example">
aat_term:1000002693-en a skosxl:Label;
skosxl:literalForm "lambruscatura"@en ;
gvp:historicFlag <http://vocab.getty.edu/historic/historic> ;
schema:startDate "0900"^^xsd:gYear ;
schema:endDate "1700"^^xsd:gYear ;
rdfs:comment "Medieval term for wainscoting".
aat_rel:300020271-aat2812_followed-300020269 a rdf:Statement;
rdf:subject aat:300020271; # Second Dynasty (Egyptian)
rdf:predicate gvp:aat2812_followed;
rdf:object aat:300020269; # First Dynasty (Egyptian)
rdfs:comment "Second Dynasty began ca. 2775 BCE";
schema:startDate "-2785"^^xsd:gYear;
schema:endDate "-2765"^^xsd:gYear.
tgn:7011179-placeType-300008347 a rdf:Statement;
rdf:subject tgn:7011179; # Siena
rdf:predicate gvp:placeTypePreferred;
rdf:object aat:300008347; # inhabited place
rdfs:comment "settled by Etruscans (flourished 6th century BCE)";
schema:startDate "-0800"^^xsd:gYear;
gvp:displayOrder "1"^^xsd:positiveInteger.
</pre>
</section>
<section id="sec-4-18" >
<h3>Provenance Ontology</h3>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>PROV considers that prov:Modify uses an unknown old entity "_:input" and generates an
unknown new entity "_:output", both being specializations of the entity under
consideration.
</li>
<li>Need to use prov:Generation so we can use prov:atTime and reflect that the modification is a prov:InstantaneousEvent.
</li>
</ul>
<img src="./img/PROV-modified-created.png" alt="PROV-modified-created.png" class="stretch" style="width:1000px" />
</section>
<section id="sec-4-19" >
<h3>Revision History</h3>
<p>
PROV is too complex, so we simplify:
</p>
<pre class="example">
aat:300018699
skos:changeNote aat_rev:12345, aat_rev:12346, aat_rev:12347;
prov:wasGeneratedBy aat_rev:12345;
dct:created "2014-01-02T01:02:03"^^xsd:dateTime;
dct:modified "2014-01-03T01:02:03"^^xsd:dateTime;
dct:issued "2014-01-04T01:02:03"^^xsd:dateTime.
aat_rev:12345 a prov:Activity, prov:Create;
dc:type "created";
prov:startedAtTime "2014-01-02T01:02:03"^^xsd:dateTime.
aat_rev:12346 a prov:Activity, prov:Modify;
prov:used aat:300018699;
dc:type "term added";
dc:description "leggings, puttee (1000248060)";
prov:startedAtTime "2014-01-03T01:02:03"^^xsd:dateTime.
aat_rev:12347 a prov:Activity, prov:Publish;
prov:used aat:300018699;
dc:type "issued";
prov:startedAtTime "2014-01-04T01:02:03"^^xsd:dateTime.
</pre>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="sec-5" >
<h2>TGN Specifics: Concept-Place Duality</h2>
<p>
Duality between Concept and its denotation (ala VIAF, UK BL, FR BnF, SE KB…)
</p>
<img src="./img/013-concept-place-duality.png" alt="013-concept-place-duality.png" class="stretch" style="width:1000px" />
</section>
<section id="sec-5-1" >
<h3>TGN Semantic Representation</h3>
<p>
Adds place types (TGN->AAT), Concept-Place duality, coordinates
</p>
<img src="./img/012-TGN-overview.png" alt="012-TGN-overview.png" class="stretch" style="width:400px" />
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="sec-6" >
<h2>Inference</h2>
<p>
Hierarchical Relations inference (GVP->Standard):<br />
blue=standard, black=GVP, bold=closure, red=restriction. Numbers refer to doc sections