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Update article for Debian 12 #876

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Update article for Debian 12 #876

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69 changes: 32 additions & 37 deletions .../install-lemp-stack-on-debian-10/01.en.md → .../install-lemp-stack-on-debian-12/01.en.md
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
---
SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
path: "/tutorials/install-lemp-stack-on-debian-10"
slug: "install-lemp-stack-on-debian-10"
path: "/tutorials/install-lemp-stack-on-debian-12"
slug: "install-lemp-stack-on-debian-12"
date: "2019-07-31"
title: "Install LEMP Stack on Debian 10"
short_description: "This tutorial explains how to install LEMP (Linux, Nginx, MySQL, PHP) on Debian 10"
title: "Install LEMP Stack on Debian 12"
short_description: "This tutorial explains how to install LEMP (Linux, Nginx, MySQL, PHP) on Debian 12"
tags: ["Linux", "Nginx", "MySQL", "PHP", "LEMP", "Debian"]
author: "MohammadHossein Fakhraei"
author_link: ""
Expand All @@ -18,11 +18,12 @@ cta: "cloud"

## Introduction

The LEMP stack (Linux, NGINX, MySQL, and PHP) is a popular alternative to the LAMP stack that uses NGINX instead of Apache. This tutorial will guide you through basic installation, setup and configuration of a LEMP stack on Debian 10.
The LEMP stack (Linux, NGINX, MySQL, and PHP) is a popular alternative to the LAMP stack that uses NGINX instead of Apache. This tutorial will guide you through basic installation, setup and configuration of a LEMP stack on Debian 12.

**Prerequisites**

To install LEMP stack on your server, make sure you are logged into your server with a `sudo` user.
- Debian 12 installed with root access
- Domain or subdomain that you can point to your server's IP address (A and/or AAAA Record)

## Step 1 - Install Nginx

Expand All @@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ apt update
apt install nginx
```

On Debian 10, Nginx is configured to start running upon installation.
On Debian 12, Nginx is configured to start running upon installation.

You can check this with:

Expand All @@ -58,19 +59,13 @@ If you don't know what your server's public IP address is, there are many ways t
From the command line, you can use the `iproute2` tools to get your address by typing this:

```bash
ip a s | sed -ne '/127.0.0.1/!{s/^[ \t]*inet[ \t]*\([0-9.]\+\)\/.*$/\1/p}'
ip address show | sed -ne '/127.0.0.1/!{s/^[ \t]*inet[ \t]*\([0-9.]\+\)\/.*$/\1/p}'
```

Another method is to use an outside party to tell you how it sees your server:
Another method is to use [ip.hetzner.com](https://ip.hetzner.com):

```bash
curl https://ipecho.net/plain; echo
```

or

```bash
curl https://icanhazip.com
curl -4 https://ip.hetzner.com
```

## Step 2 - Install MySQL (MariaDB)
Expand All @@ -83,7 +78,7 @@ Install MariaDB with:
apt install mariadb-server
```

On Debian 10, MariaDB is configured to start running upon installation.
On Debian 12, MariaDB is configured to start running upon installation.

You can check this with:

Expand All @@ -110,19 +105,25 @@ NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
haven't set the root password yet, you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none):
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
Setting the root password or using the unix_socket ensures that nobody
can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation.

You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] n
... skipping.

Set root password? [Y/n] Y
New password:
Re-enter new password:
You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Change the root password? [Y/n] Y
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -183,26 +184,20 @@ You now have your PHP components installed. Next, you'll configure Nginx to use

When using the Nginx web server, server blocks can be used to encapsulate configuration details and host more than one domain on a single server.

In this guide, we'll use **example.com** as example domain name.
In this guide, we'll use **example.com** as example domain name. You will have to replace occurrences of **example.com** with your domain or subdomain.

On **Debian 10**, Nginx has one server block enabled by default and is configured to serve documents out of a directory at `/var/www/html`.
On **Debian 12**, Nginx has one server block enabled by default and is configured to serve documents out of a directory at `/var/www/html`.

Create the root web directory for example.com as follows:

```bash
mkdir /var/www/example.com
```

Next, assign ownership of the directory with the `$USER` environment variable, which should reference your current system user:

```bash
chown -R $USER:$USER /var/www/example.com
```

Then, open a new configuration file in Nginx's `sites-available` directory using your preferred command-line editor.

```bash
vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com
nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com
```

This will create a new blank file. Paste in the following bare-bones configuration:
Expand All @@ -223,7 +218,7 @@ server {

location ~ \.php$ {
include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.3-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php8.2-fpm.sock;
}
}
```
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -259,7 +254,7 @@ You are now able to upload your sites files to the `/var/www/example.com` direct
You can do this by creating a test PHP file in your document root. Open a new file called `info.php` within your document root in your text editor:

```bash
vi /var/www/example.com/info.php
nano /var/www/example.com/info.php
```

Type or paste the following lines into the new file. This is valid PHP code that will return information about your server:
Expand Down