Add `shellcheck` and `pre-commit` to CI jobs #5872

Job	Run time
black	30s
clang-format	19s
copyright_headers	18s
cppcheck	6m 47s
flake8	23s
forbidden_types	18s
isort	13s
lychee_IGNORED	24s
mypy	39s
no-crlf	16s
pre-commit-hooks	1m 4s
pydocstyle	26s
pylint	41s
rstcheck	23s
shellcheck	15s
unused_names	15s
vale	36s
sphinx-rtd	3m 8s
sphinx-conda	0s
build_macos (macos-latest, clang, openmp, mpi, python, gsl, ltdl, boost, hdf5, optimize, warning)	13m 42s
build_linux (ubuntu-22.04, gcc, boost, optimize, warning)	14m 30s
build_linux (ubuntu-22.04, gcc, openmp, python, gsl, ltdl, boost, optimize, warning)	18m 51s
build_linux (ubuntu-22.04, gcc, mpi, python, gsl, ltdl, boost, optimize, warning)	19m 45s
build_linux (ubuntu-22.04, gcc, openmp, mpi, python, gsl, ltdl, boost, hdf5, sionlib, libneurosim...	31m 7s
	1h 54m 50s

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