Add an auto-instrumentable no-op implementation to the trace package

[MrAlias]

This copes the go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk package into the go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace package. This is done to avoid package import cycles and still provide an auto-instrumentable SDK (see open-telemetry/opentelemetry-go-instrumentation#974).

Overview of changes

The code copied is updated with the following changes. The over-all goal is to ensure none of this is exported and follows the auto/sdk as close as possible to help maintenance.

trace/auto.go

Consolidation of the following into a single file:

• https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-go-instrumentation/blob/aea085dd2a3640630ac07a2187cbda9d15d2dd00/sdk/tracer_provider.go
• https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-go-instrumentation/blob/aea085dd2a3640630ac07a2187cbda9d15d2dd00/sdk/tracer.go
• https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-go-instrumentation/blob/aea085dd2a3640630ac07a2187cbda9d15d2dd00/sdk/span.go
• https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-go-instrumentation/blob/aea085dd2a3640630ac07a2187cbda9d15d2dd00/sdk/limit.go

Has the following changes:

• func TracerProvider() renamed to newAutoTracerProvider
• type tracerProvider struct renamed to autoTracerProvider
• type tracer struct renamed to autoTracer
• type span struct renamed to autoSpan
• Lint issues addressed based on this repositories configuration (these changes are being back-ported upstream)

trace/auto_test.go

Consolidation of the following into a single file:

• https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-go-instrumentation/blob/aea085dd2a3640630ac07a2187cbda9d15d2dd00/sdk/tracer_provider_test.go
• https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-go-instrumentation/blob/aea085dd2a3640630ac07a2187cbda9d15d2dd00/sdk/tracer_test.go
• https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-go-instrumentation/blob/aea085dd2a3640630ac07a2187cbda9d15d2dd00/sdk/span_test.go
• https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-go-instrumentation/blob/aea085dd2a3640630ac07a2187cbda9d15d2dd00/sdk/limit_test.go

Has the following changes:

• Renames in trace/auto.go are applied here
• Lint issues addressed based on this repositories configuration (these changes are being back-ported upstream)

trace/internal/telemetry

Copied from https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-go-instrumentation/tree/aea085dd2a3640630ac07a2187cbda9d15d2dd00/sdk/internal/telemetry

• Pacakge vanity URLs added
• Lint issues addressed based on this repositories configuration (these changes are being back-ported upstream)
• Use of the package name has been updated

trace/internal/telemetry/test

Copied from https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-go-instrumentation/tree/aea085dd2a3640630ac07a2187cbda9d15d2dd00/sdk/internal/telemetry/test

• Module name updated
• Documentation updated with new package name
• Testing values updated with new package name

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 81.8%. Comparing base (6605083) to head (a320e46).

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##            main   #6203     +/-   ##
=======================================
- Coverage   82.2%   81.8%   -0.5%     
=======================================
  Files        273     283     +10     
  Lines      23741   24894   +1153     
=======================================
+ Hits       19534   20380    +846     
- Misses      3858    4110    +252     
- Partials     349     404     +55     

see 13 files with indirect coverage changes

[MrAlias]

cc @open-telemetry/go-instrumentation-approvers