Merge branch 'master' into python-f-string

build-a-blog-from-scratch-django/README.md

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+# Create Your Own Blog With Django
+
+Follow the [step-by-step instructions](https://realpython.com/get-started-with-django-1/) on Real Python to build your own blog with Django.
+
+## Setup
+
+You can run the provided example project on your local machine by following the steps outlined below.
+
+Create a new virtual environment:
+
+```bash
+$ python3 -m venv venv
+```
+
+Activate the virtual environment:
+
+```bash
+$ source venv/bin/activate
+```
+
+Install the dependencies for this project if you haven't installed them yet:
+
+```bash
+(venv) $ python -m pip install -r requirements.txt
+```
+
+Make and apply the migrations for the project to build your local database:
+
+```bash
+(venv) $ python manage.py makemigrations
+(venv) $ python manage.py migrate
+```
+
+Run the Django development server:
+
+```bash
+(venv) $ python manage.py runserver
+```
+
+Navigate to `http://localhost:8000/` to see your blog in action.
+
+## Using the Django Admin site
+
+To create new posts, you need to create a superuser:
+
+```bash
+(venv) $ python manage.py createsuperuser
+Username (leave blank to use 'root'): admin
+Email address: [email protected]
+Password: RealPyth0n
+Password (again): RealPyth0n
+Superuser created successfully.
+```
+
+When running the `createsuperuser` managemant command you're prompted to choose a username, provide an email address, and set a password. Use your own data for these fields and make sure to remember them.
+
+Navigate to `http://localhost:8000/admin` and log in with the credentials you just used to create a superuser. 

build-a-blog-from-scratch-django/django-blog/blog/admin.py

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+from django.contrib import admin
+from blog.models import Category, Comment, Post
+
+
+class CategoryAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
+    pass
+
+
+class PostAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
+    pass
+
+
+class CommentAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
+    pass
+
+
+admin.site.register(Category, CategoryAdmin)
+admin.site.register(Post, PostAdmin)
+admin.site.register(Comment, CommentAdmin)

build-a-blog-from-scratch-django/django-blog/blog/apps.py

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+from django.apps import AppConfig
+
+
+class BlogConfig(AppConfig):
+    default_auto_field = "django.db.models.BigAutoField"
+    name = "blog"

build-a-blog-from-scratch-django/django-blog/blog/forms.py

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+from django import forms
+
+
+class CommentForm(forms.Form):
+    author = forms.CharField(
+        max_length=60,
+        widget=forms.TextInput(
+            attrs={"class": "form-control", "placeholder": "Your Name"}
+        ),
+    )
+    body = forms.CharField(
+        widget=forms.Textarea(
+            attrs={"class": "form-control", "placeholder": "Leave a comment!"}
+        )
+    )

build-a-blog-from-scratch-django/django-blog/blog/migrations/0001_initial.py

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+# Generated by Django 4.2.4 on 2023-08-29 12:43
+
+from django.db import migrations, models
+import django.db.models.deletion
+
+
+class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
+    initial = True
+
+    dependencies = [
+    ]
+
+    operations = [
+        migrations.CreateModel(
+            name='Category',
+            fields=[
+                ('id', models.BigAutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
+                ('name', models.CharField(max_length=30)),
+            ],
+        ),
+        migrations.CreateModel(
+            name='Post',
+            fields=[
+                ('id', models.BigAutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
+                ('title', models.CharField(max_length=255)),
+                ('body', models.TextField()),
+                ('created_on', models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)),
+                ('last_modified', models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)),
+                ('categories', models.ManyToManyField(related_name='posts', to='blog.category')),
+            ],
+        ),
+        migrations.CreateModel(
+            name='Comment',
+            fields=[
+                ('id', models.BigAutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
+                ('author', models.CharField(max_length=60)),
+                ('body', models.TextField()),
+                ('created_on', models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)),
+                ('post', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to='blog.post')),
+            ],
+        ),
+    ]

build-a-blog-from-scratch-django/django-blog/blog/models.py

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+from django.db import models
+
+
+class Category(models.Model):
+    name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
+
+    class Meta:
+        verbose_name_plural = "categories"
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.name
+
+
+class Post(models.Model):
+    title = models.CharField(max_length=255)
+    body = models.TextField()
+    created_on = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
+    last_modified = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
+    categories = models.ManyToManyField("Category", related_name="posts")
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.title
+
+
+class Comment(models.Model):
+    author = models.CharField(max_length=60)
+    body = models.TextField()
+    created_on = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
+    post = models.ForeignKey("Post", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return f"{self.author} on '{self.post}'"

build-a-blog-from-scratch-django/django-blog/blog/templates/blog/category.html

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+{% extends "blog/index.html" %}
+
+{% block page_title %}
+<h2>{{ category }}</h2>
+{% endblock page_title %}

build-a-blog-from-scratch-django/django-blog/blog/templates/blog/detail.html

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+{% extends "base.html" %}
+
+{% block page_title %}
+    <h2>{{ post.title }}</h2>
+{% endblock page_title %}
+
+{% block page_content %}
+    <small>
+        {{ post.created_on.date }} | Categories:
+        {% for category in post.categories.all %}
+            <a href="{% url 'blog_category' category.name %}">
+                {{ category.name }}
+            </a>
+        {% endfor %}
+    </small>
+    <p>{{ post.body | linebreaks }}</p>
+
+    <h3>Leave a comment:</h3>
+    <form method="post">
+        {% csrf_token %}
+        <div class="form-group">
+            {{ form.author }}
+        </div>
+        <div class="form-group">
+            {{ form.body }}
+        </div>
+        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
+    </form>
+
+    <h3>Comments:</h3>
+    {% for comment in comments %}
+        <p>
+            On {{ comment.created_on.date }} <b>{{ comment.author }}</b> wrote:
+        </p>
+        <p>
+            {{ comment.body | linebreaks }}
+        </p>
+    {% endfor %}
+{% endblock page_content %}

build-a-blog-from-scratch-django/django-blog/blog/templates/blog/index.html

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+{% extends "base.html" %}
+
+{% block page_title %}
+    <h2>Blog Posts</h2>
+{% endblock page_title %}
+
+{% block page_content %}
+    {% block posts %}
+        {% for post in posts %}
+            <h3><a href="{% url 'blog_detail' post.pk %}">{{ post.title }}</a></h3>
+            <small>
+                {{ post.created_on.date }} | Categories:
+                {% for category in post.categories.all %}
+                    <a href="{% url 'blog_category' category.name %}">
+                        {{ category.name }}
+                    </a>
+                {% endfor %}
+            </small>
+            <p>{{ post.body | slice:":400" }}...</p>
+        {% endfor %}
+    {% endblock posts %}
+{% endblock page_content %}

build-a-blog-from-scratch-django/django-blog/blog/urls.py

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+from django.urls import path
+from . import views
+
+urlpatterns = [
+    path("", views.blog_index, name="blog_index"),
+    path("post/<int:pk>/", views.blog_detail, name="blog_detail"),
+    path("category/<category>/", views.blog_category, name="blog_category"),
+]

build-a-blog-from-scratch-django/django-blog/blog/views.py

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+from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
+from django.shortcuts import render
+
+from blog.forms import CommentForm
+from blog.models import Comment, Post
+
+
+def blog_index(request):
+    posts = Post.objects.all().order_by("-created_on")
+    context = {"posts": posts}
+    return render(request, "blog/index.html", context)
+
+
+def blog_category(request, category):
+    posts = Post.objects.filter(categories__name__contains=category).order_by(
+        "-created_on"
+    )
+    context = {"category": category, "posts": posts}
+    return render(request, "blog/category.html", context)
+
+
+def blog_detail(request, pk):
+    post = Post.objects.get(pk=pk)
+    form = CommentForm()
+    if request.method == "POST":
+        form = CommentForm(request.POST)
+        if form.is_valid():
+            comment = Comment(
+                author=form.cleaned_data["author"],
+                body=form.cleaned_data["body"],
+                post=post,
+            )
+            comment.save()
+            return HttpResponseRedirect(request.path_info)
+    comments = Comment.objects.filter(post=post)
+    context = {"post": post, "comments": comments, "form": form}
+
+    return render(request, "blog/detail.html", context)

build-a-blog-from-scratch-django/django-blog/manage.py

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+#!/usr/bin/env python
+"""Django's command-line utility for administrative tasks."""
+import os
+import sys
+
+
+def main():
+    """Run administrative tasks."""
+    os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "personal_blog.settings")
+    try:
+        from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
+    except ImportError as exc:
+        raise ImportError(
+            "Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and "
+            "available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you "
+            "forget to activate a virtual environment?"
+        ) from exc
+    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

build-a-blog-from-scratch-django/django-blog/personal_blog/asgi.py

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+"""
+ASGI config for personal_blog project.
+
+It exposes the ASGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``.
+
+For more information on this file, see
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/howto/deployment/asgi/
+"""
+
+import os
+
+from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application
+
+os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "personal_blog.settings")
+
+application = get_asgi_application()