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zh_tw/news/_posts/2024-10-07-ruby-3-4-0-preview2-released.md
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| --- | ||
| layout: news_post | ||
| title: "Ruby 3.4.0 preview2 發布" | ||
| author: "naruse" | ||
| translator: "Bear Su" | ||
| date: 2024-10-07 00:00:00 +0000 | ||
| lang: zh_tw | ||
| --- | ||
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| {% assign release = site.data.releases | where: "version", "3.4.0-preview2" | first %} | ||
| 我們很高興宣布 Ruby {{ release.version }} 發布了。 | ||
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| ## Prism | ||
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| 預設的解析器從 parse.y 切換為 Prism。 [[Feature #20564]] | ||
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| ## 語法變更 | ||
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| * 沒有 `frozen_string_literal` 註解的檔案中的字串文字，現在行為會跟被凍結一樣。如果它們被修改則會發出棄用警告。 | ||
| 這些警告可以透過 `-W:deprecated` 或 `Warning[:deprecated] = true` 啟用。 | ||
| 若要停用此變更，您可以在執行 Ruby 時加上參數 `--disable-frozen-string-literal`。 [[Feature #20205]] | ||
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| * 新增 `it` 來引用 block 的傳入參數。 [[Feature #18980]] | ||
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| * 現在呼叫方法支援使用 Keyword splatting `nil`。 | ||
| `**nil` 的處理方式與 `**{}` 類似，不會傳遞 keywords，也不會呼叫任何轉換方法。 [[Bug #20064]] | ||
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| * Block passing 不再允許作為索引。 [[Bug #19918]] | ||
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| * 不定長度參數不再允許作為索引。 [[Bug #20218]] | ||
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| ## 核心類別更新 | ||
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| 注意：我們只列出特別的類別更新。 | ||
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| * Exception | ||
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| * Exception#set_backtrace 現在可接受 `Thread::Backtrace::Location` 陣列。 | ||
| `Kernel#raise`、`Thread#raise` 和 `Fiber#raise` 也接受同樣的新格式。 [[Feature #13557]] | ||
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| * Range | ||
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| * Range#size 如果 range 無法迭代的話，現在會拋出 TypeError。 [[Misc #18984]] | ||
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| ## 相容性問題 | ||
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| 注意：不包含功能問題的修正。 | ||
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| * 錯誤訊息與 backtrace 的顯示改變。 | ||
| * 使用單引號 (`'`) 取代反引號 (`` ` ``) 作為起始引號。 [[Feature #16495]] | ||
| * 在方法名稱前顯示類別名稱 (僅當類別有固定名稱時)。 [[Feature #19117]] | ||
| * `Kernel#caller`、`Thread::Backtrace::Location` 的方法等等，也做了對應的改變。 | ||
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| ``` | ||
| 舊: | ||
| test.rb:1:in `foo': undefined method `time' for an instance of Integer | ||
| from test.rb:2:in `<main>' | ||
| 新: | ||
| test.rb:1:in 'Object#foo': undefined method 'time' for an instance of Integer | ||
| from test.rb:2:in '<main>' | ||
| ``` | ||
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| * `Hash#inspect` 渲染變更。 [[Bug #20433]] | ||
| * Symbol keys 會使用現代 symbol key 語法顯示: `"{user: 1}"` | ||
| * 其他 keys 現在會在 `=>` 前後加上空白: `'{"user" => 1}'`，在之前不會添加: `'{"user"=>1}'` | ||
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| ## C API 更新 | ||
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| * `rb_newobj` 和 `rb_newobj_of` (和相對應的巨集 `RB_NEWOBJ`, `RB_NEWOBJ_OF`, `NEWOBJ`, `NEWOBJ_OF`) 已經被移除。 [[Feature #20265]] | ||
| * 移除已廢棄的函式 `rb_gc_force_recycle`。 [[Feature #18290]] | ||
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| ## 實作改善 | ||
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| * `Array#each` 用 Ruby 重寫並有更好的效能 [[Feature #20182]]。 | ||
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| ## 其他變更 | ||
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| * 將 block 傳遞給不使用傳入 block 的方法，會在 verbose 模式 (`-w`) 下顯示警告。 | ||
| [[Feature #15554]] | ||
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| * 當重新定義一些由直譯器與 JIT 特別最佳化的核心方法，例如 `String.freeze` 和 `Integer#+`，現在會發出效能類型警告 (`-W:performance` or `Warning[:performance] = true`)。 | ||
| [[Feature #20429]] | ||
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| 請參閱 GitHub 發布如 [Logger](https://github.com/ruby/logger/releases) 和變更紀錄來了解更多關於預設 gems 與 bundled gems 的資訊。 | ||
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| 參見 [NEWS](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/{{ release.tag }}/NEWS.md) | ||
| 和 [commit logs](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/compare/v3_3_0...{{ release.tag }}) | ||
| 來了解更多。 | ||
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| 自 Ruby 3.3.0 以來，計 [{{ release.stats.files_changed }} 檔案變更，{{ release.stats.insertions }} 行新增（+），{{ release.stats.deletions }} 行刪減（-）](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/compare/v3_3_0...{{ release.tag }}#file_bucket)。 | ||
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| ## 下載 | ||
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| * <{{ release.url.gz }}> | ||
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| SIZE: {{ release.size.gz }} | ||
| SHA1: {{ release.sha1.gz }} | ||
| SHA256: {{ release.sha256.gz }} | ||
| SHA512: {{ release.sha512.gz }} | ||
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| * <{{ release.url.xz }}> | ||
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| SIZE: {{ release.size.xz }} | ||
| SHA1: {{ release.sha1.xz }} | ||
| SHA256: {{ release.sha256.xz }} | ||
| SHA512: {{ release.sha512.xz }} | ||
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| * <{{ release.url.zip }}> | ||
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| SIZE: {{ release.size.zip }} | ||
| SHA1: {{ release.sha1.zip }} | ||
| SHA256: {{ release.sha256.zip }} | ||
| SHA512: {{ release.sha512.zip }} | ||
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| ## Ruby 是什麼 | ||
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| Ruby 最初由 Matz（Yukihiro Matsumoto）於 1993 年開發的開源軟體。可以在許多平台上執行。使用者來自世界各地，特別活躍於網路開發領域。 | ||
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| [Feature #13557]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/13557 | ||
| [Feature #15554]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15554 | ||
| [Feature #16495]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16495 | ||
| [Feature #18290]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18290 | ||
| [Feature #18980]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18980 | ||
| [Misc #18984]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18984 | ||
| [Feature #19117]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19117 | ||
| [Bug #19918]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19918 | ||
| [Bug #20064]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20064 | ||
| [Feature #20182]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20182 | ||
| [Feature #20205]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20205 | ||
| [Bug #20218]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20218 | ||
| [Feature #20265]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20265 | ||
| [Feature #20429]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20429 | ||
| [Feature #20564]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20564 | ||
| [Bug #20433]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20433 |